{"database": "openregs", "table": "congressional_record", "is_view": false, "human_description_en": "sorted by date descending", "rows": [["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2315", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "REMEMBERING RUBY DUNCAN", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2315", "S2315", "[{\"name\": \"Catherine Cortez Masto\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2315", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2315]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n REMEMBERING RUBY DUNCAN\n\n Ms. CORTEZ MASTO. Mr. President, I also rise today to honor the life\nof Ruby Duncan, who was a powerhouse in anti-poverty, welfare, and\njustice advocacy in Nevada for several decades. Ruby, sadly, passed\naway on April 6, 2026.\n After her own experiences as a single mother of seven, Ruby dedicated\nher life to uplifting women, children, and families; and she\ntransformed Las Vegas' welfare system for generations to come.\n After spending her formative years in Louisiana, Ruby moved to Las\nVegas in 1952, where she worked in the city's booming hotel and casino\nindustries. Ruby was injured while working as a cook and found herself\nrelying on social welfare programs to support her growing family. Ruby\nwas met with a disjointed State welfare system.\n At that time, race, gender, and public attitudes determined an\nindividual's access to the resources that they needed to thrive. For\nRuby, this inspired a lifetime devoted to breaking down those barriers\nfor others.\n Recognizing that Black women were especially vulnerable to inequities\nin the welfare system, Ruby mobilized with other Black mothers to\ncreate the Clark County Welfare Rights Organization and, eventually,\nthe Nevada Welfare Rights Organization.\n Under Ruby's leadership, the groups engaged with State legislators,\norganized sit-ins, eat-ins, and marched down the Las Vegas Strip to\nprotest for better treatment for Nevada's families in need. Those\nefforts did not go unnoticed, prompting Nevada to reverse a 75-percent\ncut to welfare for women with children and participate in Federal\nnutrition assistance programs.\n Ruby's work also sparked community developments that continue to\nprovide support and resources to families in West Las Vegas to this\nday. In 1972, she founded Operation Life, an organization tasked with\nbringing robust childcare, education, career, healthcare, and\nprevention services to a historically underserved neighborhood.\n Operation Life brought the first library, a medical clinic for\nchildren, a childcare center, low-income housing, drug and violence\nprevention programs, and job training to the Westside. Today, these\ninitiatives fuel a community made stronger because of Ruby and her\nrelentless drive.\n I ask my colleagues to join me in celebrating Ruby Duncan's life and\nthe lasting impact of her dedication and sacrifice.\n Ruby loved Nevada and made life better for everyone who lives there.\nAs she once said, ``If you want your life to get better, you got to\nfight for it.''\n And through her tireless fight, the community supports that Ruby\nbuilt will endure for the women, children, and families of the future.\n And as a friend of mine, as someone whom I got to know as a young\ngirl and then later was able to work with, I extend my deep condolences\nto Ruby's children, her family, her friends, and the countless lives\nthat she touched. She will be dearly missed.\n I yield the floor.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2315-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, MAY 18, 2026, AT 3 P.M.", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ADJOURNMENT", "S2315", "S2315", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2315", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2315]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, MAY 18, 2026, AT 3 P.M.\n\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the Senate stands\nadjourned until 3 p.m. on Monday, May 18, 2026.\n Thereupon, the Senate, at 2:45 p.m., adjourned until Monday, May 18,\n2026, at 3 p.m."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2314", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2314", "S2314", "[{\"name\": \"Mazie K. Hirono\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2314", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2314]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM\n\n Ms. HIRONO. Mr. President, I am glad to join my colleague Senator\nSchatz in rising today to recognize the University of Hawaii Rainbow\nWarriors men's volleyball team, the 2026 NCAA national champions.\n As stated, on Monday, the Rainbow Warriors defeated the UC Irvine\nteam to claim the national title for the third time. In the process,\nthey made history by completing the first 30-win season in program\nhistory.\n As a proud University of Hawaii graduate, I join people across our\nState and beyond in celebrating this impressive group of athletes. Not\nonly is their roster impressive; it is diverse, with players from\nacross the Pacific, from Europe, from the mainland, from across our\nislands. Tournament MVP Louis Sakanoko came to the University of Hawaii\nall the way from France. The Big West Player of the Year Tread\nRosenthal is from Texas. And let's not forget two of Hawaii's own:\nKainoa Wade and Alex Parks.\n The `Bows' coach Charlie Wade has said that the program they built at\nUH is unlike anything else on the planet, and part of what makes this\nteam so special and successful is the commitment to embracing and\nbuilding around their different strengths--players from different\ncountries, different cultures, and different playing traditions coming\ntogether to accomplish a shared goal with the understanding that their\ndifferences make them stronger.\n The State of Hawaii has always understood that diversity is something\nto celebrate, not fear. In our State, cultures don't just coexist; they\ncombine to create something greater than the sum of their parts. Like\nour State, these Rainbow Warriors show what is possible when we embrace\nour differences, our diversity. At a time when diversity is under\nattack, this team just showed the entire country that diversity is a\ncompetitive advantage.\n To Coach Wade, to every player, to the fans in Hawaii who packed the\nStan Sheriff Center, cheering at the top of their lungs:\nCongratulations and mahalo. You made Hawaii proud.\n I yield the floor.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Hawaii.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2314-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "NATIONAL POLICE WEEK", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2314", "S2315", "[{\"name\": \"Catherine Cortez Masto\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2314", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2314-S2315]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n NATIONAL POLICE WEEK\n\n Ms. CORTEZ MASTO. Mr. President, as we all know, this week is\nNational Police Week. This is the time when we honor the brave men and\nwomen who put their lives on the line every single day to keep our\nfamilies safe.\n This week is especially meaningful because, here in DC, we honored\nNorth Las Vegas police officer Jason Roscow, who died in the line of\nduty last year, and he will be memorialized on the National Law\nEnforcement Officers Memorial wall.\n Officer Roscow was an Air Force veteran who helped keep the North Las\nVegas community safe for 17 years. He was described as a friend and a\nmentor to other members of the department. We will forever be grateful\nfor his sacrifice, and he will be dearly missed.\n Law enforcement officers like Jason Roscow risk their lives every day\nto protect our communities, and while we recognize that service\nthroughout the year, National Police Week is an opportunity to express\nour gratitude.\n For me, supporting law enforcement is personal. My husband is a\nretired law enforcement officer, and I have seen firsthand the\nsacrifices that our officers and their families make so our families\nfeel safe at home. That is why I have worked with my colleagues on both\nsides of the aisle to champion legislation to support police officers\nacross the country.\n In December, my bipartisan law enforcement bill with Senator Mitch\nMcConnell of Kentucky was signed into law. This legislation will ensure\nthe families of retired law enforcement officers who were killed as a\nresult of their service are not denied benefits. The law is called the\nChief Herbert D. Proffitt Act, named after a retired police officer in\nKentucky who was tragically shot and killed by a man he had arrested a\ndecade earlier. Chief Proffitt's family was denied the benefits they\ndeserved because he had already retired. That is unacceptable, and that\nis why I am so proud that this bill to correct that mistake was signed\ninto law.\n I have also advanced some important law enforcement legislation just\nthis week. On Tuesday, my bipartisan bill to fight retail theft passed\nthe House of Representatives. As of 2024, organized retail crime cost\nretailers $720,000 for every billion dollars in sales. That is up 50\npercent since 2015. We are seeing criminals become more aggressive and\nviolent while they are stealing from our stores. They are putting both\ncustomers and employees at risk as well. It is dangerous, it is\ndamaging the trust between retailers and shoppers, and it has to stop.\n That is why I was thrilled to see momentum on the Combating Organized\nRetail Crime Act, which I introduced with Senator Chuck Grassley of\nIowa, who has been a great partner. This legislation would create an\noffice within the Department of Homeland Security where Federal, State,\nand local law enforcement agencies can coordinate with retail and\nsupply chain industry representatives to curb this organized theft. It\nwould also help create new tools to help investigators and prosecutors\ncrack down on these criminals. This is a critical bill that will not\nonly create a safer environment for shoppers but will actually help\nlower costs for consumers. Now that it has passed the House, I urge my\ncolleagues in the Senate to take it up for a vote.\n I was also proud to see my Tribal Warrant Fairness Act pass out of\nthe Judiciary Committee this week. I have spent my career in the Senate\nworking to end the epidemic of missing and murdered indigenous women\nand children. Tribal communities experience some of the highest rates\nof violence in the United States, especially against women and\nchildren, and yet Tribal law enforcement agencies just don't have\naccess to the same resources other police departments have.\n A glaring example of this is that the U.S. Marshals Service is not\nauthorized to help Tribal police departments in locating dangerous\ncriminals or finding missing children. It is a cruel and unnecessary\ninjustice that both Democrats and Republicans agree needs to change.\nThat is what the Tribal Warrant Fairness Act does. It grants the U.S.\nMarshals Service the same authority to assist Tribal law enforcement,\nwhen they request it, as it has to assist any other law enforcement\nagency.\n Now that this legislation has passed out of the Judiciary Committee,\nit is one step closer to becoming law. I am going to keep pushing to\nget it to the President's desk for signature.\n And then finally, earlier this week, the Senate unanimously passed a\nbill that Senator Lindsey Graham and I worked on and introduced, which\nis the Medal of Sacrifice Act. This bill creates a new Presidential\naward to posthumously honor law enforcement officers and other first\nresponders who were killed in the line of duty.\n\n[[Page S2315]]\n\n Our officers work hard every single day to service our communities,\nto keep them safe, and their sacrifices deserve the highest possible\nrecognition. The House has also passed this bill, and I look forward to\nthe President signing it into law.\n Our work here is never done when it comes to making sure our law\nenforcement agencies and officers have the resources that they need,\nbut during this National Police Week, we made a lot of important\nprogress. The legislation we passed this week will make a difference\nnot just to our police officers but to communities and families across\nthe country. And let me just say, when we made progress, that was\nbipartisan progress in this body.\n I will always proudly stand with the men and women who serve as law\nenforcement officers, and I thank them for their service.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2314-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "CONGRATULATING THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM FOR WINNING THE 2026 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION MEN'S VOLLEYBALL CHAMPIONSHIP", "SENATE", "SENATE", "CONGRATULATIONS", "S2314", "S2314", "[{\"name\": \"Brian Schatz\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"730\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"730\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2314", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2314]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n CONGRATULATING THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM FOR\n WINNING THE 2026 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION MEN'S\n VOLLEYBALL CHAMPIONSHIP\n\n Mr. SCHATZ. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate\nproceed to the consideration of S. Res. 730, submitted earlier today.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the resolution by title.\n The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:\n\n A resolution (S. Res. 730) congratulating the University of\n Hawaii men's volleyball team for winning the 2026 National\n Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Volleyball\n Championship.\n\n There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the\nresolution.\n Mr. SCHATZ. I ask unanimous consent that the resolution be agreed to,\nthe preamble be agreed to, and the motions to reconsider be considered\nmade and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n The resolution (S. Res. 730) was agreed to.\n The preamble was agreed to.\n (The resolution, with its preamble, is printed in today's Record\nunder ``Submitted Resolutions.'')\n Mr. SCHATZ. I yield the floor.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Nevada.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2313", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO MEET", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SAUTHORITY", "S2313", "S2313", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2313", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2313]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO MEET\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I have three requests for committees to\nmeet during today's session of the Senate. They have the approval of\nthe Majority and Minority Leaders.\n Pursuant to rule XXVI, paragraph 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the\nSenate, the following committees are authorized to meet during today's\nsession of the Senate:\n\n committee on armed services\n\n The Committee on Armed Services is authorized to meet in closed and\nopen session during the session of the Senate on Thursday, May 14,\n2026, at 8 a.m.\n\n committee on banking, housing, and urban affairs\n\n The Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs is authorized to\nmeet in executive session during the session of the Senate on Thursday,\nMay 14, 2026, at 10:30 a.m.\n\n committee on the judiciary\n\n The Committee on the Judiciary is authorized to meet during the\nsession of the Senate on Thursday, May 14, 2026, at 9 a.m., to conduct\nan executive business meeting.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2313-7", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2313", "S2314", "[{\"name\": \"Brian Schatz\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2313", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2313-S2314]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM\n\n Mr. SCHATZ. Mr. President, on Monday, the University of Hawaii men's\nvolleyball team won the national championship, prevailing over the\nUniversity of California at Irvine in a four-set thriller. Every player\nplayed his part, and the win caps off one of the most successful\nseasons in the team's history. It also marks the third NCAA\nchampionship in men's volleyball.\n As head coach Charlie Wade said after the game, ``Volleyball is a big\ndeal in our community, it just is.'' For many at home, volleyball is\nlife. If you didn't grow up playing the sport yourself, you had a\ncousin or a friend or an auntie or an uncle who did. And every person\nin Hawaii--and I mean everybody--has been to a middle school or high\nschool or college volleyball game.\n That kind of love for this sport is what has made UH a volleyball\npowerhouse, and it is why we continue to attract and produce some of\nthe best players in the world. Monday's win wasn't just for the\nincredible athletes on the court. It was a win for the coaches, the\nstaff, the family, the friends, and the fans who supported them along\nthe way. And it was a win for the entire State of Hawaii. This victory\nbelongs to Hawaii.\n So congratulations to the `Bows on their well-deserved victory. We\nare all so proud of you. Aloha.\n Now, I would like to yield the floor to my great partner representing\nHawaii in the U.S. Senate, Senator Hirono.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Hawaii.\n\n[[Page S2314]]\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2313-6", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ADJOURNMENT", "S2313", "S2313", "[{\"name\": \"Kevin Cramer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2313", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2313]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT\n\n Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, if there is no further business to come\nbefore the Senate, I ask that it stand adjourned under the previous\norder, following the remarks of Senators Schatz, Hirono, and Cortez\nMasto.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n The Senator from Hawaii.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2313-5", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "ORDERS FOR MONDAY, MAY 18, 2026", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SORDERFOR", "S2313", "S2313", "[{\"name\": \"Kevin Cramer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"690\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"690\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2313", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2313]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ORDERS FOR MONDAY, MAY 18, 2026\n\n Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that when the\nSenate completes its business today, it stand adjourned until 3 p.m. on\nMonday, May 18; that following the prayer and pledge, the Journal of\nproceedings be approved to date, the morning hour be deemed expired,\nthe time for the two leaders be reserved for their use later in the\nday, morning business be closed, and the Senate proceed to executive\nsession to resume consideration of the nominations to be considered en\nbloc pursuant to S. Res. 690, postcloture; further, that at 5:30 p.m.,\nall postcloture time be expired and the Senate vote on confirmation of\nthe nominations en bloc; finally, that if any nominations are confirmed\nduring Monday's session of the Senate, the motions to reconsider be\nconsidered made and laid upon the table and the President be\nimmediately notified of the Senate's actions.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2313-4", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RESOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TODAY", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2313", "S2313", "[{\"name\": \"Kevin Cramer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"733\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"733\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"734\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"734\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"735\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"735\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"736\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"736\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"737\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"737\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2313", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2313]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n RESOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TODAY\n\n Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate\nnow proceed to the en bloc consideration of the following resolutions,\nwhich are at the desk: S. Res. 733, S. Res. 734, S. Res. 735, S. Res.\n736, S. Res. 737.\n There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the\nresolutions en bloc.\n Mr. CRAMER. I ask unanimous consent that the resolutions be agreed\nto, the preambles be agreed to, and that the motions to reconsider be\nconsidered made and laid upon the table, all en bloc.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n The resolutions were agreed to.\n The preambles were agreed to.\n (The resolutions, with their preambles, are printed in today's Record\nunder ``Submitted Resolutions.'')\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2313-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "EXPRESSING SUPPORT FOR THE DESIGNATION OF APRIL 2026 AS \"NATIONAL CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION MONTH\", AND THE GOALS AND IDEALS OF NATIONAL CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION MONTH.", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2313", "S2313", "[{\"name\": \"Kevin Cramer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"706\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"706\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2313", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2313]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n EXPRESSING SUPPORT FOR THE DESIGNATION OF APRIL 2026 AS ``NATIONAL\n CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION MONTH'', AND THE GOALS AND IDEALS OF NATIONAL\n CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION MONTH.\n\n Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee\non Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions be discharged from further\nconsideration and the Senate now proceed to S. Res. 706.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the resolution by title.\n The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:\n\n A resolution (S. Res. 706) expressing support for the\n designation of April 2026 as ``National Child Abuse\n Prevention Month'', and the goals and ideals of National\n Child Abuse Prevention Month.\n\n There being no objection, the committee was discharged, and the\nSenate proceeded to consider the resolution.\n Mr. CRAMER. I ask unanimous consent that the resolution be agreed to,\nthe preamble be agreed to, and that the motions to reconsider be\nconsidered made and laid upon the table.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n The resolution (S. Res. 706) was agreed to.\n The preamble was agreed to.\n (The resolution, with its preamble, is printed in the Record of April\n29, 2026, under ``Submitted Resolutions.'')\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2313-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "COMMEMORATING THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE COLUMBINE DAY OF SERVICE AND HONORING THE MEMORIES OF THE VICTIMS, SURVIVORS, AND THEIR FAMILIES", "SENATE", "SENATE", "HONORING", "S2313", "S2313", "[{\"name\": \"Kevin Cramer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"680\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"680\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2313", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2313]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\nCOMMEMORATING THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE COLUMBINE DAY OF SERVICE AND\n HONORING THE MEMORIES OF THE VICTIMS, SURVIVORS, AND THEIR FAMILIES\n\n Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee\non the Judiciary be discharged from further consideration and the\nSenate now proceed to S. Res. 680.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the resolution by title.\n The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:\n\n A resolution (S. Res. 680) commemorating the 10th\n anniversary of the Columbine Day of Service and honoring the\n memories of the victims, survivors, and their families.\n\n There being no objection, the committee was discharged, and the\nSenate proceeded to consider the resolution.\n Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the\nresolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and that the\nmotions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n The resolution (S. Res. 680) was agreed to.\n The preamble was agreed to.\n (The resolution, with its preamble, is printed in the Record of April\n20, 2026, under ``Submitted Resolutions.'')\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2312", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 737--RECOGNIZING NATIONAL FOSTER CARE MONTH AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT THE CHALLENGES OF CHILDREN IN THE FOSTER CARE SYSTEM AND TO ENCOURAGE CONGRESS TO IMPLEMENT...", "SENATE", "SENATE", "RECOGNIZING", "S2312", "S2313", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"737\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"737\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"737\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2312", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2312-S2313]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 737--RECOGNIZING NATIONAL FOSTER CARE MONTH AS AN\nOPPORTUNITY TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT THE CHALLENGES OF CHILDREN IN THE\n FOSTER CARE SYSTEM AND TO ENCOURAGE CONGRESS TO IMPLEMENT POLICIES TO\n IMPROVE THE LIVES OF CHILDREN IN THE FOSTER CARE SYSTEM\n\n Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, Mr. Lujan, Mr. Daines, Mrs. Hyde-Smith,\nMr. Warner, Mr. Cornyn, Ms. Hassan, Mr. Barrasso, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr.\nYoung, Mrs. Britt, Mrs. Capito, Ms. Rosen, Mrs. Blackburn, and Mr.\nHusted) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and\nagreed to:\n\n S. Res. 737\n\n Whereas National Foster Care Month was established more\n than 30 years ago--\n (1) to bring foster care issues to the forefront;\n (2) to highlight the importance of permanency for every\n child; and\n (3) to recognize the essential role that foster parents,\n social workers, and advocates have in the lives of children\n in foster care throughout the United States;\n\n Whereas all children deserve a safe, loving, and permanent\n home;\n Whereas the primary goal of the foster care system is to\n ensure the safety and well-being of children while working to\n provide a safe, loving, and permanent home for each child;\n Whereas there are approximately 331,747 children living in\n foster care in the United States;\n Whereas there were approximately 175,008 youths that\n entered the foster care system in 2025 in the United States,\n and more than 67,249 youths were awaiting adoption at the end\n of 2025;\n Whereas approximately 51,603 children entered foster care\n in 2025 due to parental drug abuse;\n Whereas children of color are more likely to stay in the\n foster care system for longer periods of time and are less\n likely to be reunited with their biological families;\n Whereas foster parents are the front-line caregivers for\n children who cannot safely remain with their biological\n parents, and foster parents provide physical care, emotional\n support, and education advocacy, and are the largest cohort\n of families that provide permanent homes for children leaving\n through adoption;\n Whereas children in foster care who are placed with\n relatives, compared to children placed with non-relatives--\n (1) have more stability, including fewer changes in\n placements;\n (2) have more positive perceptions of their placements;\n (3) are more likely to be placed with their siblings; and\n (4) demonstrate fewer behavioral problems;\n\n Whereas some relative caregivers receive less financial\n assistance and support services than do foster caregivers;\n Whereas an increased emphasis on prevention and\n reunification services is necessary to reduce the number of\n children that enter or re-enter the foster care system;\n Whereas approximately 15,030 youths aged out of foster care\n in 2025 without a legal permanent connection to an adult or\n family;\n Whereas youth who age out of foster care lack the security\n or support of a biological or adoptive family and frequently\n struggle to secure affordable housing, obtain health\n insurance, pursue higher education, and acquire adequate\n employment;\n Whereas foster care is intended to be a temporary\n placement, but children remain in the foster care system for\n an average of 22.9 months;\n Whereas approximately \\1/3\\ of children in foster care\n experience more than 2 placements while in care, which often\n leads to the disruption of routines, including changing\n schools, and moving away from siblings, extended families,\n and familiar surroundings;\n Whereas youth in foster care are much more likely to face\n educational instability, with a study showing that 75 percent\n of foster youth experienced an unscheduled school change\n during a school year, compared to less than 40 percent of\n youth not in foster care;\n Whereas children entering foster care often confront the\n widespread misperception that children in foster care are\n disruptive, unruly, and dangerous, even though placement in\n foster care is based on the actions of a parent or guardian,\n not the child;\n Whereas 30 percent of children in foster care are taking\n not less than 1 anti-psychotic medication, and 34 percent of\n those children are not receiving adequate treatment planning\n or medication monitoring;\n Whereas, due to heavy caseloads and limited resources, the\n average annual turnover rate is between 23 percent and 60\n percent for child welfare workers;\n Whereas States, localities, and communities should be\n encouraged to invest resources in preventative and\n reunification services and post-permanency programs to ensure\n that more children and older youth in foster care are\n provided safe, loving, and permanent placements;\n Whereas, in 2018, Congress passed the Family First\n Prevention Services Act (Public Law 115-123; 132 Stat. 232),\n which provided new investments in prevention and family\n reunification services to help more families stay together\n and ensure more children are in safe, loving, and permanent\n homes;\n Whereas Federal legislation during the past 4 decades,\n including the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of\n 1980 (Public Law 96-272; 94 Stat. 500), the Adoption and Safe\n Families Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-89; 111 Stat. 2115), the\n Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act\n of 2008 (Public Law 110-351; 122 Stat. 3949), the Child and\n Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act (Public Law\n 112-34;125 Stat. 369), the Preventing Sex Trafficking and\n Strengthening Families Act (Public Law 113-183; 128 Stat.\n 1919), and the Supporting America's Children and Families Act\n (Public Law 118-258; 138 Stat. 2947) provided new investments\n and services to improve the outcomes of children in the\n foster care system;\n Whereas May 2026 is an appropriate month to designate as\n ``National Foster Care Month'' and provides an opportunity to\n acknowledge the child welfare workforce, foster parents, the\n advocacy community, and mentors for their dedication,\n accomplishments, and the positive impact they have on the\n lives of children; and\n Whereas much remains to be done to ensure that all children\n have a safe, loving, nurturing, and permanent family,\n regardless of age or special needs: Now, therefore, be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) supports the designation of May 2026 as ``National\n Foster Care Month'';\n (2) recognizes National Foster Care Month as an opportunity\n to raise awareness about the challenges that children face in\n the foster care system;\n (3) encourages Congress to implement policies to improve\n the lives of children in the foster care system;\n (4) acknowledges the unique needs of children in the foster\n care system;\n (5) recognizes foster youth throughout the United States\n for their ongoing tenacity, courage, and resilience while\n facing life challenges;\n (6) acknowledges the exceptional alumni of the foster care\n system who serve as advocates and role models for youths who\n remain in care;\n (7) honors the commitment and dedication of the individuals\n who work tirelessly to provide assistance and services to\n children in the foster care system;\n (8) supports the designation of May 31, 2026, as ``National\n Foster Parent Appreciation Day'';\n (9) recognizes National Foster Parent Appreciation Day as\n an opportunity to recognize the efforts of foster parents to\n provide safe and loving care for children in need and to\n raise awareness about the increasing need for foster parents\n to serve in their communities; and\n (10) reaffirms the need to continue working to improve the\n outcomes of all children in the foster care system through\n initiatives designed--\n (A) to support vulnerable families;\n (B) to prevent families from entering the foster care\n system and reunite families in cases where reunification is\n in the best interest of the child;\n\n[[Page S2313]]\n\n (C) to promote adoption in cases where reunification is not\n in the best interests of the child;\n (D) to adequately serve those children brought into the\n foster care system; and\n (E) to facilitate the successful transition into adulthood\n for youth that age out of the foster care system.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2311", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 736--SUPPORTING THE GOALS AND IDEALS OF NATIONAL HOSPITAL WEEK, TO BE OBSERVED FROM MAY 10 THROUGH MAY 16, 2026", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SRESOLUTION", "S2311", "S2312", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"736\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"736\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"736\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2311", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2311-S2312]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 736--SUPPORTING THE GOALS AND IDEALS OF NATIONAL\n HOSPITAL WEEK, TO BE OBSERVED FROM MAY 10 THROUGH MAY 16, 2026\n\n Mr. BARRASSO (for himself, Mr. Whitehouse, Mrs. Capito, Ms. Lummis,\nMr. Wicker, Mr. King, and Mrs. Blackburn) submitted the following\nresolution; which was considered and agreed to:\n\n S. Res. 736\n\n Whereas, beginning in 1921, National Hospital Day was\n established by former President Warren G. Harding to be\n celebrated annually on May 12, the birthday of Florence\n Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, as a way to honor\n her role in revolutionizing hospital care;\n Whereas National Hospital Day was established following the\n 1918 Influenza Pandemic as a way to foster community trust in\n hospitals;\n Whereas, beginning in 1953, National Hospital Week was\n established and continues to coincide with the birthday of\n Florence Nightingale;\n Whereas National Hospital Week is a time of year to reflect\n on the important contributions that hospital workers make to\n provide safe, high-quality healthcare;\n Whereas, in 2026, approximately 6,100 hospitals in the\n United States provide essential and life-saving healthcare\n every day in a variety of hospital settings, including--\n\n[[Page S2312]]\n\n (1) 1,383 critical access hospitals, which serve as\n essential healthcare hubs that bring medical services closer\n to individuals who would otherwise have to travel long\n distances for healthcare, that provide healthcare to \\1/5\\ of\n the United States population residing in rural areas;\n (2) nearly 1,700 teaching hospitals, of which roughly 300\n are major teaching hospitals such as university hospitals or\n academic medical centers, that provide essential training to\n future medical providers;\n (3) 656 non-Federal psychiatric hospitals that are\n essential partners in addressing mental health and substance\n abuse disorders across the United States; and\n (4) 170 Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers that\n are uniquely responsible for providing healthcare to more\n than 9,100,000 veterans;\n\n Whereas, in 2025, hospitals in the United States provided\n healthcare to more than 35,658,583 admitted patients and in\n 2025 delivered more than 3,600,000 babies;\n Whereas, as of March 2026, hospitals employed more than\n 5,759,900 individuals, including physicians, registered\n nurses, and allied health professionals;\n Whereas non-clinical hospital staff, including sanitation\n workers, food service workers, and many others, work to keep\n hospitals open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, in order to\n ensure hospitals are always available to individuals that\n need healthcare;\n Whereas hospitals, through direct care and community\n outreach, can provide the expertise and resources needed to\n address the unique healthcare needs that exist in rural and\n urban areas of the United States; and\n Whereas hospitals work collaboratively to uphold the\n healthcare system of the United States: Now, therefore, be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) supports the goals and ideals of National Hospital\n Week, to be observed from May 10 through May 16, 2026;\n (2) recognizes the significant role that hospitals play in\n the delivery of healthcare in the United States; and\n (3) encourages the people of the United States to observe\n National Hospital Week with appropriate recognition,\n ceremonies, activities, and programs to demonstrate the\n importance of hospitals to the everyday lives of patients and\n communities.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2310", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 733--EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF THE SENATE THAT PUBLIC SERVANTS SHOULD BE COMMENDED FOR THEIR DEDICATION AND CONTINUED SERVICE TO THE UNITED STATES DURING PUBLIC SERVICE RECOGNITION...", "SENATE", "SENATE", "RECOGNIZING", "S2310", "S2310", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"733\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"733\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"733\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2310", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2310]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 733--EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF THE SENATE THAT PUBLIC\nSERVANTS SHOULD BE COMMENDED FOR THEIR DEDICATION AND CONTINUED SERVICE\n TO THE UNITED STATES DURING PUBLIC SERVICE RECOGNITION WEEK AND\n THROUGHOUT THE YEAR\n\n Mr. LANKFORD (for himself and Mr. Fetterman) submitted the following\nresolution; which was considered and agreed to:\n\n S. Res. 733\n\n Whereas the week of May 3, 2026, through May 9, 2026, has\n been designated as ``Public Service Recognition Week'' to\n honor employees of the Federal Government and State and local\n governments, and members of the uniformed services, for their\n contributions to the United States;\n Whereas Public Service Recognition Week provides an\n opportunity to recognize and promote the important\n contributions of public servants and to honor the people who\n serve the United States at all levels of government and as\n members of the uniformed services;\n Whereas millions of individuals serve the public in\n government service and as members of the uniformed services\n in every State, county, and city across the United States and\n around the world;\n Whereas public servants provide crucial services to\n millions of people across the United States, supporting local\n programs and contributing to local economies;\n Whereas public service is a noble calling involving a\n variety of challenging and rewarding professions and highly\n skilled and trained individuals offering their knowledge,\n effort, and skills in support of the public; and\n Whereas the United States is a great and prosperous\n country, and public service employees contribute\n significantly to that greatness and prosperity: Now,\n therefore, be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) commends the dedication, professionalism, and\n patriotism of the public servants of the United States who\n fulfill their constitutional oath and deliver essential\n services to the people of the United States;\n (2) recognizes the indispensable role of public servants in\n strengthening the economy of the United States, protecting\n the safety and security of the public, safeguarding\n individual rights, and sustaining the foundations of\n democratic self-governance;\n (3) honors the contributions of all public servants during\n Public Service Recognition Week, May 3, 2026, through May 9,\n 2026, and throughout the year; and\n (4) calls upon the people of the United States to observe\n Public Service Recognition Week with appropriate programs,\n ceremonies, and activities that honor and acknowledge the\n service of those who work on their behalf.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2310-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 735--DESIGNATING THE WEEK OF MAY 10 THROUGH MAY 16, 2026, AS \"NATIONAL POLICE WEEK\"", "SENATE", "SENATE", "DESIGNATING", "S2310", "S2311", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"735\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"735\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"735\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2310", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2310-S2311]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 735--DESIGNATING THE WEEK OF MAY 10 THROUGH MAY 16,\n 2026, AS ``NATIONAL POLICE WEEK''\n\n Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Thune, Mrs. Gillibrand,\nMr. McConnell, Mr. King, Mr. Cruz, Mr. Whitehouse, Mr. Paul, Mr.\nPadilla, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Booker, Ms. Collins, Mr. Kaine, Mr. Graham,\nMs. Slotkin, Mrs. Britt, Ms. Blunt Rochester, Mr. Husted, Mr.\nFetterman, Mrs. Moody, Ms. Rosen, Mr. Crapo, Ms. Cortez Masto, Mr.\nCotton, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Scott of South Carolina, Mr. Reed, Mr.\nJohnson, Mr. Welch, Mr. Cramer, Mr. Kelly, Mr. Hagerty, Ms. Hirono,\nMrs. Capito, Mr. Ossoff, Mr. Sheehy, Mr. Schiff, Ms. Ernst, Mr. Coons,\nMr. McCormick, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Budd, Ms. Hassan, Mr. Rounds, Ms.\nKlobuchar, Mrs. Fischer, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Ricketts, Mr. Bennet, Mr.\nCassidy, Ms. Alsobrooks, Mr. Lankford, Mr. Peters, Mr. Hoeven, Mr.\nTuberville, Mr. Scott of Florida, Mr. Young, Mr. Daines, Mr. Sullivan,\nMr. Justice, Mr. Marshall, Mr. Wicker, Ms. Murkowski, Mr. Barrasso, Mr.\nSchmitt, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr. Kennedy, and Ms. Cantwell) submitted the\nfollowing resolution; which was considered and agreed to:\n\n S. Res. 735\n\n Whereas Federal, State, local, and Tribal police officers,\n sheriffs, and other law enforcement officers across the\n United States serve with valor, dignity, and integrity;\n Whereas each law enforcement officer is charged with--\n (1) pursuing justice for all individuals; and\n (2) performing the duties of a law enforcement officer with\n fidelity to the constitutional and civil rights of the public\n the officer serves;\n\n Whereas law enforcement officers swear an oath to uphold\n the public trust even though, through the performance of the\n duties of a law enforcement officer, the officers may become\n targets for senseless acts of violence;\n Whereas, in 1962, President John Fitzgerald Kennedy signed\n Public Law 87-726 (76 Stat. 676) (referred to in this\n preamble as the ``Joint Resolution''), which authorizes the\n President to proclaim May 15 of every year as ``Peace\n Officers Memorial Day'' in honor of the Federal, State, and\n local officers who have been killed, disabled, or otherwise\n injured in the line of duty;\n Whereas the Joint Resolution also authorizes the President\n to designate the week in which Peace Officers Memorial Day\n falls as ``National Police Week'';\n Whereas the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial,\n dedicated on October 15, 1991, is the national monument to\n honor those law enforcement officers who have died in the\n line of duty;\n Whereas Peace Officers Memorial Day 2026 honors law\n enforcement officers killed in the line of duty during 2025,\n including--\n (1) Jerry Adamick, Jr.;\n (2) Antonio Aleman;\n (3) Nathaniel Ansay;\n (4) Brendan Arlington;\n (5) Ercan Aydin;\n (6) Joseph Azcona;\n (7) Mark Baker;\n (8) Cody Becker;\n (9) James Becker;\n (10) Sarah Beckstrom;\n (11) Bruce Bennett;\n\n[[Page S2311]]\n\n (12) Alton Berrian;\n (13) Isaiah Patrick Bias;\n (14) Shawn Braaten;\n (15) Jesse Branch;\n (16) Joshua Brashears;\n (17) Marc Brock;\n (18) Peter Bruncati;\n (19) Meagan Burke;\n (20) Darron Lee Burks;\n (21) Mark Butler;\n (22) Joshua Byrd;\n (23) David Cajuso;\n (24) Philip Cammarata;\n (25) Stephen Campisi;\n (26) Jonathan Campos;\n (27) Jacob Candanoza;\n (28) Grant Candies;\n (29) Richard Carchia;\n (30) Vincent Carney;\n (31) Vincent Caruana;\n (32) William Casey;\n (33) Jeremy Cassady;\n (34) Nicholas Cayton;\n (35) Eric Cespedes;\n (36) Maruja Clark;\n (37) Gerard Connors;\n (38) Kendall Corder;\n (39) Timothy Corlew;\n (40) Lauren Craven;\n (41) Gary Crawford;\n (42) Allen Credeur, Jr.;\n (43) Abraham Cruz III;\n (44) Hector Cuevas, Jr.;\n (45) Cooper Dawson;\n (46) Frank Debenedetto;\n (47) Shiou Deng;\n (48) Myron Downey;\n (49) Andrew Duarte;\n (50) Thomas Duran;\n (51) Caleb Eisworth;\n (52) Isaiah Emenheiser;\n (53) Joseph Esposito;\n (54) Eric Estrada;\n (55) Sayer Evans;\n (56) Gabriel Facio;\n (57) Robert Fawcett;\n (58) Marc Fischer;\n (59) Francisco Flattes II;\n (60) Theodore Fondrk;\n (61) Henry Franklin;\n (62) Patrick Franzone;\n (63) Jeffrey Friedlieb;\n (64) Brandon Gaede;\n (65) Craig Gaines;\n (66) Dennis Gallagher;\n (67) Helio Garcia III;\n (68) Ruben Garcia;\n (69) Mitchell Georgiana;\n (70) Cameron Girvin;\n (71) Donald Gotthardt, Jr.;\n (72) Steven Greene;\n (73) Tara-Marysa Guting;\n (74) Jeremy Hall;\n (75) John Hamm;\n (76) Richard Handibode, Jr.;\n (77) Kevin Hanley;\n (78) Timothy Hatch;\n (79) Scott Heimann;\n (80) Larry Henderson, Jr.;\n (81) Lee Hendrickson;\n (82) Thomas Herrick;\n (83) Katharine Hutson;\n (84) Didarul Islam;\n (85) Edward Ivey, Jr.;\n (86) Devin Jaramillo;\n (87) Denise Jones;\n (88) Timothy Jones;\n (89) Timothy Keane;\n (90) Joshua Kelley-Eklund;\n (91) Dennis Kelly;\n (92) Joshua Kingsley;\n (93) Donald Kleber;\n (94) William Krupa;\n (95) Norman Kunze;\n (96) Jeremy Labonte;\n (97) Joshua LaForge;\n (98) Andres Lahera;\n (99) David LaJoie;\n (100) Mark Laskowski;\n (101) Clint Lawrence;\n (102) Victor Lemus;\n (103) Marc Lotter;\n (104) Lex Allen Love;\n (105) Brenda Lowery;\n (106) David Maland;\n (107) Bret Martin;\n (108) F. Devin Mason;\n (109) William May;\n (110) Eddie Mays;\n (111) Kyle McAcy;\n (112) William McCabe;\n (113) Michael McEntee;\n (114) Mark Meadows;\n (115) David Miller, Jr.;\n (116) Elijah Ming;\n (117) Jeffrey Montenegro;\n (118) Albert Morabito;\n (119) Joseph Morgan;\n (120) Rhonda Morris;\n (121) James Motto, Sr.;\n (122) Justin Mowery;\n (123) Joseph Murray, Jr.;\n (124) Raymond Newcomb;\n (125) John-Christian Nix;\n (126) Shawn Nixon;\n (127) Robert Nobile;\n (128) Kevin Nuckel;\n (129) Andrew Nunez;\n (130) Suzanne O;\n (131) Mark Ondus;\n (132) Timothy Ontiveros;\n (133) William Osborn;\n (134) Joseph Panarese;\n (135) John Patrick;\n (136) Kelvin Patrick;\n (137) David Pepe;\n (138) Jessie Perez;\n (139) Bryan Pippin;\n (140) Michael Pisano;\n (141) Melissa Pollard;\n (142) Robert Porfert;\n (143) David Portalatin;\n (144) John Radabaugh;\n (145) Kathleen Radziunas;\n (146) George Ramirez;\n (147) Kevin Alexis Ramirez-Vasquez;\n (148) Robert Ranno;\n (149) Christopher Reese;\n (150) Alan Reffsin;\n (151) Felicia Reilly;\n (152) Blake Reynolds;\n (153) Mark Reynolds;\n (154) Michael Rice;\n (155) Dennis Ricks, Jr.;\n (156) Charles Riley;\n (157) Steven Ringe;\n (158) Krystal Rivera;\n (159) Samuel Riveros;\n (160) Sandro Rizzotti;\n (161) Alex Roberts;\n (162) Osmar Rodarte-Paez;\n (163) Jason Roscow;\n (164) David Rose;\n (165) Steven Rozell;\n (166) Kenneth Salas;\n (167) Alec Sanders;\n (168) Frederick Scheidt, Jr.;\n (169) D. Weston Sherrer;\n (170) Martin Shields, Jr.;\n (171) Brandon Sikes;\n (172) Quintin Silsby;\n (173) Hunter Simoncic;\n (174) Cory Slifko;\n (175) Annmarie Smith;\n (176) Roger Smith;\n (177) Michael Snell;\n (178) Matthew Snook;\n (179) Lee Sorensen;\n (180) Todd Spiker;\n (181) John Stahl III;\n (182) Albert Stout;\n (183) Terri Sweeting-Mashkow;\n (184) Sunny Taylor;\n (185) Richard Teemsma;\n (186) Steven Tiboni;\n (187) Brian Underwood;\n (188) James Vanacore;\n (189) Alfredo Varela;\n (190) Jesus Vargas;\n (191) Dennis Vitelli;\n (192) Andrew Wachter;\n (193) Dennis Wagner, Jr.;\n (194) Marc Wagner;\n (195) Phillip Wagner;\n (196) Jonathan White, Jr.;\n (197) John Wing;\n (198) Michael Wood;\n (199) Clarence Word III;\n (200) Shannon Wright; and\n (201) Jason Zdunich; and\n\n Whereas, according to the Law Enforcement Officers Killed\n and Assaulted Program of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n (also known as the ``LEOKA Program''), since the beginning of\n 2026, 11 law enforcement officers were reported to have been\n killed in the line of duty: Now, therefore, be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) designates the week of May 10 through May 16, 2026, as\n ``National Police Week'';\n (2) expresses unwavering support for law enforcement\n officers across the United States in pursuit of preserving\n safe and secure communities;\n (3) recognizes the need to ensure that law enforcement\n officers have the equipment, training, and resources that are\n necessary in order to protect the health and safety of the\n officers while the officers protect the public;\n (4) acknowledges that police officers and other law\n enforcement personnel, especially those who have made the\n ultimate sacrifice, should be remembered and honored;\n (5) expresses condolences and solemn appreciation to the\n loved ones of each law enforcement officer who has made the\n ultimate sacrifice in the line of duty; and\n (6) encourages the people of the United States to observe\n National Police Week by honoring law enforcement personnel\n and promoting awareness of the essential mission that law\n enforcement personnel undertake in service to their\n communities and the United States.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2310-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 734--DESIGNATING MAY 16, 2026, AS \"KIDS TO PARKS DAY\"", "SENATE", "SENATE", "DESIGNATING", "S2310", "S2310", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"734\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"734\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"734\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2310", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2310]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 734--DESIGNATING MAY 16, 2026, AS ``KIDS TO PARKS\n DAY''\n\n Mr. WYDEN (for himself, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr. Heinrich, Mrs. Capito,\nMr. Justice, Mr. Daines, and Mr. Coons) submitted the following\nresolution; which was considered and agreed to:\n\n S. Res. 734\n\n Whereas the 16th annual Kids to Parks Day will be\n celebrated on May 16, 2026;\n Whereas the goals of Kids to Parks Day are--\n (1) to promote healthy outdoor recreation and responsible\n environmental stewardship;\n (2) to empower young people; and\n (3) to encourage families to get outdoors and visit the\n parks and public land of the United States;\n\n Whereas, on Kids to Parks Day, individuals from rural,\n suburban, and urban areas of the United States can be\n reintroduced to the splendid national, State, and\n neighborhood parks located in their communities;\n Whereas communities across the United States offer a\n variety of natural resources and public land, often with free\n access, to individuals seeking outdoor recreation;\n Whereas the people of the United States, young and old,\n should be encouraged to lead more healthy and active\n lifestyles;\n Whereas Kids to Parks Day is an opportunity for families to\n take a break from their busy lives and enjoy a day of active,\n wholesome fun; and\n Whereas celebrating Kids to Parks Day will--\n (1) broaden an appreciation for nature and the outdoors in\n young people;\n (2) foster a safe setting for independent play and healthy\n adventure in neighborhood parks; and\n (3) facilitate self-reliance while strengthening\n communities: Now, therefore, be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) designates May 16, 2026, as ``Kids to Parks Day'';\n (2) recognizes the importance of outdoor recreation and the\n preservation of open spaces in promoting the health and\n education of the young people of the United States; and\n (3) encourages the people of the United States to observe\n Kids to Parks Day with safe family trips to parks.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2309", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 732--EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF THE SENATE THAT OVER 25 YEARS OF REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE AND HUNDREDS OF PEER-REVIEWED STUDIES PROVING THAT MIFEPRISTONE IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE SHOULD BE...", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SRESOLUTION", "S2309", "S2310", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"732\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"732\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"732\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2309", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2309-S2310]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\nSENATE RESOLUTION 732--EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF THE SENATE THAT OVER 25\n YEARS OF REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE AND HUNDREDS OF PEER-REVIEWED STUDIES\n PROVING THAT MIFEPRISTONE IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE SHOULD BE RESPECTED,\n AND LAW AND POLICY GOVERNING ACCESS TO LIFESAVING, TIME-SENSITIVE\n MEDICATION ABORTION CARE IN THE UNITED STATES SHOULD BE EQUITABLE,\n TRANSPARENT, AND BASED ON THE BEST AVAILABLE PEER-REVIEWED EVIDENCE-\n BASED SCIENCE\n\n Ms. WARREN (for herself, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Wyden, Mrs.\nMurray, Ms. Smith, Ms. Alsobrooks, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms.\nBlunt Rochester, Mr. Booker, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Coons, Ms. Cortez Masto,\nMs. Duckworth, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Fetterman, Mr. Gallego, Mrs. Gillibrand,\nMs. Hassan, Mr. Heinrich, Mr. Hickenlooper, Ms. Hirono, Mr. Kaine, Mr.\nKelly, Mr. Kim, Mr. King, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Lujan, Mr. Markey, Mr.\nMerkley, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Ossoff, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Peters, Mr. Reed, Ms.\nRosen, Mr. Sanders, Mr. Schatz, Mr. Schiff, Ms. Slotkin, Mrs. Shaheen,\nMr. Van Hollen, Mr. Warner, Mr. Warnock, Mr. Welch, and Mr. Whitehouse)\nsubmitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee\non Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions:\n\n S. Res. 732\n\n Whereas Congress, by enacting the Federal Food, Drug, and\n Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), authorized the Food and\n Drug Administration (FDA) to determine, based on the\n scientific evidence, whether a drug is safe and effective for\n the intended use of the drug;\n Whereas Congress authorized the FDA to impose or maintain a\n Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for a drug\n only where ``necessary to ensure that the benefits of the\n drug outweigh the risks of the drug'' considering certain\n statutorily enumerated factors;\n Whereas Congress prohibited the FDA from imposing or\n maintaining an Element to Assure Safe Use (ETASU) within a\n REMS program if, inter alia, the ETASU is ``unduly burdensome\n on patient access,'' considering in particular ``patients who\n have difficulty accessing health care'';\n Whereas mifepristone is a medication recommended by leading\n medical authorities for its FDA-approved use to terminate a\n pregnancy and for its off-label use to manage miscarriage;\n Whereas mifepristone received approval from the FDA more\n than 25 years ago, and according to the FDA, the ``efficacy\n and safety have become well-established by both research and\n experience, and serious complications have proven to be\n extremely rare'';\n Whereas the FDA approved mifepristone following a rigorous\n 54-month review period that included the review of 3 complete\n phases of clinical trials that involved thousands of\n participants and that showed mifepristone was safe and\n effective for termination of an early pregnancy;\n Whereas, despite mifepristone's exceptional safety record,\n the FDA still regulates this medication more heavily than 99\n percent of prescription drugs;\n Whereas, in December 2021, after an extensive review of\n high-quality research and years of real-world data confirming\n that mifepristone remains just as safe when patients can fill\n their prescription by mail or at a pharmacy, the FDA\n concluded that the Mifepristone REMS should be modified to\n lessen the burdens on patient access and the health care\n system and, in January 2023, approved this modification to\n the REMS that removed the in-person dispensing ETASU and\n added a pharmacy certification ETASU, allowing Mifeprex and\n its approved generics to be dispensed by certified\n pharmacies, both in-person and by mail, as well as by or\n under the supervision of certified prescribers;\n Whereas numerous peer-reviewed studies since January 2023\n have further established that mifepristone remains highly\n safe and effective;\n Whereas mifepristone is more accessible when dispensed to\n eligible patients by mail or at a pharmacy after clinical\n evaluation and counseling through telemedicine;\n Whereas few drugs have been studied so extensively after\n their FDA approval and few hold such an explicit and\n convincing safety record as mifepristone;\n Whereas leading medical and scientific organizations,\n including the World Health Organization, the American Medical\n Association, the American College of Obstetricians &\n Gynecologists, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the\n Society of Family Planning, and the Society for Maternal-\n Fetal Medicine, recognize that mifepristone is safe and\n effective, including when prescribed through telemedicine and\n dispensed to eligible patients by mail or at a pharmacy, and\n continue to recommend the use of mifepristone as part of an\n evidence-based regimen to safely end a pregnancy;\n Whereas the importance of medication abortion is recognized\n globally, and the World Health Organization has included\n mifepristone on its list of essential medicines since 2005;\n Whereas the safety record of mifepristone is demonstrated\n by its availability in more than 90 countries, including\n countries without restrictions like the mifepristone REMS;\n Whereas medication abortion accounted for 63 percent of all\n abortions in the United States in 2023;\n Whereas, following the decision of the Supreme Court of the\n United States in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health\n Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022), to overturn decades of\n precedent in Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), and Planned\n Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), as of May 2026,\n bans have eliminated all or some abortions in 20 States,\n compounding an already complex landscape and exacerbating the\n existing abortion-access crisis;\n Whereas, in the years since the decision of the Supreme\n Court of the United States to overturn Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S.\n 113 (1973), and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833\n (1992), in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597\n U.S. 215 (2022), anti-abortion politicians and groups have\n filed multiple baseless lawsuits against the FDA over its\n approval and regulation of mifepristone, attempting to use\n misinformation about mifepristone to justify restricting\n access to this essential medication nationwide, despite its\n longstanding safety record;\n Whereas the impact to the health and well-being of patients\n across the country would be devastating if any action reduced\n patient access to medication abortion or increased barriers\n to prescribing and dispensing medication abortion;\n Whereas abortion bans and restrictions force patients to\n travel greater distances for care and face longer wait times,\n and force some patients who are unable to access care to\n remain pregnant against their will;\n Whereas scientific research has demonstrated that\n restricting access to abortion increases the risk of domestic\n violence for pregnant people and data suggests that the\n privacy of a telehealth consultation may increase a patient's\n willingness to disclose abuse or coercion; and\n Whereas, due to discrimination, unnecessary restrictions on\n abortion, including medication abortion, disproportionately\n push care out of reach for--\n (1) Black and Indigenous people;\n (2) people of color;\n (3) immigrants;\n (4) people with lower incomes;\n (5) people in rural communities;\n (6) LGBTQ+ people;\n (7) people living with disabilities;\n (8) people experiencing intimate partner violence; and\n (9) other pregnant people who have been disproportionately\n harmed by systemic inequities in health care: Now, therefore,\n be it\n Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that--\n (1) FDA policies affecting access to medication abortion\n care in the United States must be based on transparent\n scientific review of the full body of gold-standard medical\n evidence, as well as considerations of potential burdens on\n patient access and the health care delivery system, as\n required by\n\n[[Page S2310]]\n\n the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et\n seq.);\n (2) Congress has granted the FDA the authority to regulate\n prescription drug medications and medical devices based on\n scientific determinations of their safety and efficacy\n grounded in the best available peer-reviewed evidence-based\n science, and without political interference;\n (3) the FDA has performed multiple scientific reviews of\n mifepristone over 25 years, each time finding mifepristone to\n be safe and effective for pregnancy termination, including\n when mifepristone is prescribed through telemedicine and\n dispensed to eligible patients by mail or at a pharmacy,\n based on high-quality clinical research and real-world-safety\n data; and\n (4) preserving and expanding access to medication abortion\n care, including preserving the ability to prescribe\n mifepristone through telemedicine and dispense to eligible\n patients by mail or at a pharmacy, is important to ensure\n equitable access to abortion for patients harmed by\n statutory, regulatory, financial, and circumstantial\n restrictions that worsen reproductive health disparities\n for--\n (A) Black and Indigenous people;\n (B) people of color;\n (C) immigrants;\n (D) people with lower incomes;\n (E) people in rural communities;\n (F) LGBTQ+ people;\n (G) people living with disabilities;\n (H) people experiencing intimate partner violence; and\n (I) people in other marginalized communities.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2308", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 729--RECOGNIZING AND HONORING MERIWETHER LEWIS AND WILLIAM CLARK, AND THE CORPS OF DISCOVERY, FOR THEIR EXPEDITION TO EXPLORE THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SRESOLUTION", "S2308", "S2308", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"729\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"729\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"729\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2308", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2308]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS\n\n ______\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 729--RECOGNIZING AND HONORING MERIWETHER LEWIS AND\n WILLIAM CLARK, AND THE CORPS OF DISCOVERY, FOR THEIR EXPEDITION TO\n EXPLORE THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE\n\n Mr. SCHMITT submitted the following resolution; which was considered\nand agreed to:\n\n S. Res. 729\n\n Whereas, on May 14, 1804, Captain Meriwether Lewis, Captain\n William Clark, and the Corps of Discovery departed from St.\n Louis, Missouri, embarking on a journey that would span more\n than 8,000 miles across the American continent;\n Whereas May 14, 2026, marks the 222nd anniversary of the\n departure of the Corps of Discovery from the St. Louis region\n to explore the vast territory acquired through the Louisiana\n Purchase;\n Whereas the expedition endured extreme hardship, including\n harsh weather, dangerous terrain, disease, hunger, and\n isolation, while displaying extraordinary resilience and\n determination;\n Whereas the Corps of Discovery produced invaluable maps,\n scientific observations, and geographic records that deepened\n the country's understanding of the American frontier and laid\n the groundwork for future settlement, commerce, and\n development;\n Whereas the expedition strengthened the sovereignty and\n strategic position of the United States in North America\n during a pivotal period in the early history of the United\n States;\n Whereas the Lewis and Clark Expedition stands as a lasting\n symbol of the American spirit of exploration, courage, and\n national ambition;\n Whereas generations of Americans have continued to draw\n inspiration from the perseverance and vision demonstrated by\n the Corps of Discovery;\n Whereas, as the United States commemorates the 250th\n anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Lewis and\n Clark Expedition reminds Americans that the Founding\n generation passed to posterity not only a set of principles,\n but a country to be explored, strengthened, defended, and\n passed on; and\n Whereas the 222nd anniversary of the expedition's departure\n provides an opportunity to reflect upon the character,\n sacrifice, faith, courage, and determination that helped\n build the United States into a great nation: Now, therefore,\n be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) honors the enduring legacy of the Lewis and Clark\n Expedition and recognizes its profound importance to the\n history, development, and identity of the United States;\n (2) honors the extraordinary courage, endurance, and\n patriotism of Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and the Corps\n of Discovery on the anniversary of the launch of their\n historic expedition from St. Louis, Missouri;\n (3) recognizes the Lewis and Clark Expedition as one of the\n greatest feats of exploration and national achievement in the\n history of the United States;\n (4) commemorates the vision of President Thomas Jefferson\n in commissioning the expedition following the Louisiana\n Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States and\n helped secure the continental future of the United States by\n executing the principles of ``manifest destiny'';\n (5) acknowledges the indispensable contributions of every\n member of the Corps of Discovery, including the assistance\n provided by Sacagawea, York, and other members, which aided\n the expedition along its journey;\n (6) recognizes that the expedition helped establish the\n geographic, commercial, and strategic foundations for the\n expansion of the United States from the Mississippi River to\n the Pacific Ocean;\n (7) celebrates the enduring connection between the Lewis\n and Clark Expedition and the State of Missouri, the State\n from which the Corps of Discovery embarked into the western\n frontier;\n (8) recognizes that the spirit, self-reliance,\n perseverance, faith, courage, scientific curiosity, and\n confidence in the promise of the United States displayed\n through the expeditious remains central to the character,\n heritage, and soul of the country; and\n (9) encourages all Americans to study and reflect upon the\n legacy of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and its lasting\n significance in the history of the United States.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2308-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 731--RECOGNIZING THE 175TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF ALPHA DELTA PI SORORITY", "SENATE", "SENATE", "RECOGNIZING", "S2308", "S2309", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"731\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"731\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"731\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2308", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2308-S2309]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 731--RECOGNIZING THE 175TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE\n FOUNDING OF ALPHA DELTA PI SORORITY\n\n Mrs. MOODY submitted the following resolution; which was referred to\nthe Committee on the Judiciary:\n\n S. Res. 731\n\n Whereas Alpha Delta Pi Sorority was founded as the\n Adelphean Society on May 15, 1851, at Wesleyan Female College\n in Macon, Georgia;\n Whereas Alpha Delta Pi Sorority was the first secret\n society for college women, founded at the first college\n chartered to grant degrees to women;\n Whereas the recognized founders of Alpha Delta Pi Sorority\n include Eugenia Tucker Fitzgerald, Mary Evans Glass, Octavia\n Andrew Rush, Ella Pierce Turner, Sophronia Woodruff Dews, and\n Elizabeth Williams Mitchell;\n Whereas membership of Alpha Delta Pi Sorority stands at\n over 290,000 lifetime initiates as of the date of\n introduction of this resolution;\n Whereas Alpha Delta Pi Sorority, headquartered in Atlanta,\n Georgia, has established chapters at over 220 colleges and\n universities across the United States and Canada and has 165\n active alumnae associations;\n Whereas Alpha Delta Pi Sorority is a private membership\n organization whose mission is to provide women with a\n meaningful lifelong experience that empowers them to reach\n their full potential through leadership,\n\n[[Page S2309]]\n\n educational, philanthropic, and social opportunities;\n Whereas the objects set forth by the Adelphean Society were\n the mental, moral, social, and domestic improvement of its\n members, and Alpha Delta Pi Sorority now recognizes the core\n values of sisterhood, service, character, and knowledge to be\n the guideposts by which all members live;\n Whereas Alpha Delta Pi Sorority, whose open motto is ``We\n Live For Each Other'', whose collegians log over 300,000\n community service hours annually, and whose platforms\n regularly educate members and the public about the dangers of\n hazing and the importance of sisterhood in relation to\n wellness and belonging, consistently raises over $1,000,000\n per year for Ronald McDonald House;\n Whereas Alpha Delta Pi Sorority counts among its alumnae 1\n Academy Award winner, 6 Emmy Award winners, 2 Grammy Award\n winners, 4 New York Times bestselling authors, 6 United\n States Olympians, 2 Pulitzer Prize-winning journalists, and 1\n recipient of the Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in\n Journalism and the Peabody Award for Journalistic Integrity,\n is home to 2 sitting United States Representatives and 1\n sitting United States Senator as of the date of introduction\n of this resolution, and can claim several ``firsts'',\n including the first Treasurer of the United States to be\n named National Director of the Savings Bond Division and the\n first woman to hold the highest education post in the Federal\n Government; and\n Whereas Alpha Delta Pi Sorority will hold its 175th\n Anniversary Grand Convention in Palm Desert, California, from\n June 17 through June 20, 2026: Now, therefore, be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) congratulates Alpha Delta Pi Sorority on the occasion\n of its 175th anniversary;\n (2) acknowledges the contributions of Alpha Delta Pi\n members to education, science and technology, the arts,\n athletics, government, the military, business, and community\n service; and\n (3) recognizes the members of Alpha Delta Pi Sorority for\n their lifelong commitment to personal growth, friendship, and\n community enrichment.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2308-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SENATE RESOLUTION 730--CONGRATULATING THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM FOR WINNING THE 2026 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION MEN'S VOLLEYBALL CHAMPIONSHIP", "SENATE", "SENATE", "CONGRATULATIONS", "S2308", "S2308", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"730\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"730\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"730\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2308", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2308]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SENATE RESOLUTION 730--CONGRATULATING THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII MEN'S\n VOLLEYBALL TEAM FOR WINNING THE 2026 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC\n ASSOCIATION MEN'S VOLLEYBALL CHAMPIONSHIP\n\n Mr. SCHATZ (for himself and Ms. Hirono) submitted the following\nresolution; which was considered and agreed to:\n\n S. Res. 730\n\n Whereas the 2026 University of Hawaii men's volleyball team\n (referred to in this preamble as the ``Rainbow Warriors''),\n under the direction of coach Charlie Wade, won the program's\n third National Collegiate Athletic Association championship\n title with a final score of 3 to 1, defeating the University\n of California, Irvine; and\n Whereas the Rainbow Warriors set a program record for\n victories in a season: Now, therefore, be it\n Resolved, That the Senate--\n (1) recognizes the 2026 University of Hawaii men's\n volleyball team for their hard work and dedication to the\n sport and for the excitement they bring to the State of\n Hawaii; and\n (2) congratulates the 2026 University of Hawaii men's\n volleyball team on a successful season.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2307", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SSTATEMENTS", "S2307", "S2308", "[{\"name\": \"Richard J. Durbin\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4541\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4541\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4541\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2307", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2307-S2308]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS\n\n By Mr. DURBIN (for himself and Mr. Wicker):\n S. 4541. A bill to ensure that significantly more students graduate\ncollege with the international knowledge and experience essential for\nsuccess in today's global economy through the establishment of the\nSenator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program in the Department of State; to\nthe Committee on Foreign Relations.\n Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask unanious consent that the text of\nthe bill be printed in the Record.\n There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be\nprinted in the Record, as follows:\n\n S. 4541\n\n Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of\n the United States of America in Congress assembled,\n\n SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.\n\n This Act may be cited as the ``Senator Paul Simon Study\n Abroad Program Act of 2026''.\n\n SEC. 2. FINDINGS.\n\n Congress makes the following findings:\n (1) To prepare students for success in the modern global\n economy, opportunities for study abroad should be included as\n part of a well-rounded education.\n (2) Study abroad programs provide students with\n unparalleled access to international knowledge, an unmatched\n opportunity to learn world languages, and a unique\n environment for developing cultural understanding, all of\n which are knowledge and skills needed in today's global\n economy.\n (3) Only 10 percent of United States college students study\n abroad before they graduate, leaving 90 percent of graduates\n entering the workforce without the global skills, knowledge,\n and experiences afforded by study abroad programs that will\n position them for success in the global economy. Minority\n students, first-generation college students, community\n college students, and students with disabilities are also\n significantly underrepresented in study abroad participation.\n (4) Congress authorized the establishment of the Commission\n on the Abraham Lincoln Study Abroad Fellowship Program\n (referred to in this section as the ``Lincoln Commission'')\n under section 104 of the Miscellaneous Appropriations and\n Offsets Act, 2004 (division H of Public Law 108-199).\n Pursuant to its mandate, the Lincoln Commission submitted a\n report to Congress and to the President containing its\n recommendations for greatly expanding the opportunity for\n students at institutions of higher education in the United\n States to study abroad, with special emphasis on studying in\n developing nations.\n (5) According to the Lincoln Commission, ``[e]xperience\n shows that leadership from administrators and faculty will\n drive the number of study abroad participants higher and\n improve the quality of programs. Such leadership is the only\n way that study abroad will become an integral part of the\n undergraduate experience.'' A competitive grant program is\n necessary to encourage and support such leadership.\n (6) Student health, safety, and security while studying\n abroad is, and must continue to be, a priority for\n institutions of higher education and study abroad programs.\n (7) According to Open Doors 2022, published by the\n Institute of International Education in partnership with the\n Department of State, study abroad participation at colleges\n and universities in the United States plummeted by 91 percent\n during the 2020-2021 academic year. While study abroad\n numbers have rebounded, according to Open Doors 2025,\n participation remains 14 percent below pre-pandemic levels.\n In today's global society, increasing access to study abroad\n for students at institutions of higher education across the\n United States is critical to ensuring that those students\n gain the skills, knowledge, and experiences necessary to\n maintain the leadership and security of the United States in\n tackling global challenges that affect the people of the\n United States and succeeding in a global economy.\n\n SEC. 3. PURPOSES.\n\n The purposes of this Act are--\n (1) to ensure that significantly more students have access\n to quality study abroad opportunities, especially among low-\n income students and students of color;\n (2) to ensure that the diversity of students studying\n abroad reflects the diversity of students and institutions of\n higher education in the United States;\n (3) to encourage greater diversity in study abroad\n destinations by increasing the portion of study abroad that\n takes place in nontraditional study abroad destinations,\n especially in developing countries; and\n (4) to encourage a greater commitment by United States\n institutions of higher education to expand study abroad\n opportunities.\n\n SEC. 4. SENATOR PAUL SIMON STUDY ABROAD PROGRAM.\n\n (a) Definitions.--In this section:\n (1) Consortium.--The term ``consortium'' means a group\n that--\n (A) includes at least 1 institution of higher education;\n and\n (B) may include nongovernmental organizations that provide\n and promote study abroad opportunities for students.\n (2) Institution of higher education.--The term\n ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given\n such term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of\n 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).\n (3) Nontraditional study abroad destination.--The term\n ``nontraditional study abroad destination'' means a location\n that is determined by the Secretary of State to be a less\n common destination for students who study abroad.\n (4) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the Senator Paul\n Simon Study Abroad Program, as renamed pursuant to subsection\n (b)(1)(A).\n (5) Student.--The term ``student'' means--\n (A) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in\n the United States or a national of the United States or (as\n such terms are defined in paragraphs (20) and (22) of section\n 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (8\n U.S.C. 1101(a))) who is enrolled at an institution of higher\n education located within the United States; or\n (B) an individual who is an eligible noncitizen for Federal\n student aid, as determined by the Secretary of Education for\n purposes of the Federal student loan program under title IV\n of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.).\n (6) Study abroad.--The term ``study abroad'' means an\n educational program of study, work, service learning,\n research, internship, or combination of such activities\n that--\n (A) is conducted outside of the United States; and\n (B) carries academic credit.\n (7) World language.--The term ``world language'' means any\n natural language other than English, including--\n (A) languages determined by the Secretary of State to be\n critical to the national security interests of the United\n States;\n (B) classical languages;\n (C) American sign language; and\n (D) Native American languages.\n (b) Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program.--\n (1) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of\n appropriations and under the authority of the Mutual\n Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451\n et seq.), the Secretary of State shall--\n (A) rename the IDEAS Program, or any successor program, as\n the ``Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program''; and\n (B) enhance the Program in accordance with this section.\n (2) Objectives.--The objectives of the Program are that not\n later than 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act--\n (A) not fewer than 1,000,000 undergraduate students from\n the United States will study abroad annually;\n (B) the demographics of study abroad participation will\n reflect the demographics of the United States undergraduate\n population by increasing the participation rate of\n underrepresented groups; and\n (C) an increasing portion of study abroad will take place\n in nontraditional study abroad destinations, with a\n substantial portion of such increases in developing\n countries.\n (3) Competitive grants to institutions of higher\n education.--\n\n[[Page S2308]]\n\n (A) In general.--In order to accomplish the objectives\n described in paragraph (2), the Secretary of State shall\n award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of\n higher education, either individually or as part of a\n consortium, based on applications by such institutions that--\n (i) set forth detailed plans for using grant funds to\n further such objectives;\n (ii) include an institutional commitment to expanding\n access to study abroad;\n (iii) include plans for evaluating progress made in\n increasing access to study abroad;\n (iv) describe how increases in study abroad participation\n achieved through the grant will be sustained in subsequent\n years; and\n (v) demonstrate that the study abroad programs have\n established health, safety, and security guidelines and\n procedures, informed by Department of State travel advisories\n and other appropriate Federal agencies and resources,\n including the Overseas Security Advisory Council and the\n Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n (B) Priority.--In awarding grants under subparagraph (A),\n the Secretary may give priority to--\n (i) minority-serving institutions listed under section\n 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.\n 1067q(a));\n (ii) eligible institutions (as defined in section 312(b) of\n the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058(b)) that\n qualify for the Strengthening Institutions Program of the\n Department of Education; and\n (iii) institutions that offer study abroad programs with a\n significant world language learning component, as applicable.\n (4) Implementation of lincoln commission recommendations.--\n In administering the Program, the Secretary of State shall\n take fully into account the recommendations of the Lincoln\n Commission, including--\n (A) institutions of higher education applying for grants\n described in paragraph (3) shall use Program funds to support\n direct student costs;\n (B) diversity shall be a defining characteristic of the\n Program; and\n (C) quality control shall be a defining characteristic of\n the Program.\n (5) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the\n Secretary of State shall consult with representatives of\n diverse institutions of higher education and educational\n policy organizations and other individuals with appropriate\n expertise.\n (c) Annual Report.--Not later than December 31 of each\n year, the Secretary of State shall submit an annual report to\n the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the\n Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives\n that details the implementation of the Program during the\n most recently concluded fiscal year.\n (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized\n to be appropriated, for fiscal year 2027 and for each\n subsequent fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to\n carry out the Program.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2307-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Introductory Statement on S. 4541", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SSTATEMENTSIND", "S2307", "S2308", "[{\"name\": \"Richard J. Durbin\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4541\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2307", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2307-S2308]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. DURBIN (for himself and Mr. Wicker):\n S. 4541. A bill to ensure that significantly more students graduate\ncollege with the international knowledge and experience essential for\nsuccess in today's global economy through the establishment of the\nSenator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program in the Department of State; to\nthe Committee on Foreign Relations.\n Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask unanious consent that the text of\nthe bill be printed in the Record.\n There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be\nprinted in the Record, as follows:\n\n S. 4541\n\n Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of\n the United States of America in Congress assembled,\n\n SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.\n\n This Act may be cited as the ``Senator Paul Simon Study\n Abroad Program Act of 2026''.\n\n SEC. 2. FINDINGS.\n\n Congress makes the following findings:\n (1) To prepare students for success in the modern global\n economy, opportunities for study abroad should be included as\n part of a well-rounded education.\n (2) Study abroad programs provide students with\n unparalleled access to international knowledge, an unmatched\n opportunity to learn world languages, and a unique\n environment for developing cultural understanding, all of\n which are knowledge and skills needed in today's global\n economy.\n (3) Only 10 percent of United States college students study\n abroad before they graduate, leaving 90 percent of graduates\n entering the workforce without the global skills, knowledge,\n and experiences afforded by study abroad programs that will\n position them for success in the global economy. Minority\n students, first-generation college students, community\n college students, and students with disabilities are also\n significantly underrepresented in study abroad participation.\n (4) Congress authorized the establishment of the Commission\n on the Abraham Lincoln Study Abroad Fellowship Program\n (referred to in this section as the ``Lincoln Commission'')\n under section 104 of the Miscellaneous Appropriations and\n Offsets Act, 2004 (division H of Public Law 108-199).\n Pursuant to its mandate, the Lincoln Commission submitted a\n report to Congress and to the President containing its\n recommendations for greatly expanding the opportunity for\n students at institutions of higher education in the United\n States to study abroad, with special emphasis on studying in\n developing nations.\n (5) According to the Lincoln Commission, ``[e]xperience\n shows that leadership from administrators and faculty will\n drive the number of study abroad participants higher and\n improve the quality of programs. Such leadership is the only\n way that study abroad will become an integral part of the\n undergraduate experience.'' A competitive grant program is\n necessary to encourage and support such leadership.\n (6) Student health, safety, and security while studying\n abroad is, and must continue to be, a priority for\n institutions of higher education and study abroad programs.\n (7) According to Open Doors 2022, published by the\n Institute of International Education in partnership with the\n Department of State, study abroad participation at colleges\n and universities in the United States plummeted by 91 percent\n during the 2020-2021 academic year. While study abroad\n numbers have rebounded, according to Open Doors 2025,\n participation remains 14 percent below pre-pandemic levels.\n In today's global society, increasing access to study abroad\n for students at institutions of higher education across the\n United States is critical to ensuring that those students\n gain the skills, knowledge, and experiences necessary to\n maintain the leadership and security of the United States in\n tackling global challenges that affect the people of the\n United States and succeeding in a global economy.\n\n SEC. 3. PURPOSES.\n\n The purposes of this Act are--\n (1) to ensure that significantly more students have access\n to quality study abroad opportunities, especially among low-\n income students and students of color;\n (2) to ensure that the diversity of students studying\n abroad reflects the diversity of students and institutions of\n higher education in the United States;\n (3) to encourage greater diversity in study abroad\n destinations by increasing the portion of study abroad that\n takes place in nontraditional study abroad destinations,\n especially in developing countries; and\n (4) to encourage a greater commitment by United States\n institutions of higher education to expand study abroad\n opportunities.\n\n SEC. 4. SENATOR PAUL SIMON STUDY ABROAD PROGRAM.\n\n (a) Definitions.--In this section:\n (1) Consortium.--The term ``consortium'' means a group\n that--\n (A) includes at least 1 institution of higher education;\n and\n (B) may include nongovernmental organizations that provide\n and promote study abroad opportunities for students.\n (2) Institution of higher education.--The term\n ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given\n such term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of\n 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).\n (3) Nontraditional study abroad destination.--The term\n ``nontraditional study abroad destination'' means a location\n that is determined by the Secretary of State to be a less\n common destination for students who study abroad.\n (4) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the Senator Paul\n Simon Study Abroad Program, as renamed pursuant to subsection\n (b)(1)(A).\n (5) Student.--The term ``student'' means--\n (A) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in\n the United States or a national of the United States or (as\n such terms are defined in paragraphs (20) and (22) of section\n 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (8\n U.S.C. 1101(a))) who is enrolled at an institution of higher\n education located within the United States; or\n (B) an individual who is an eligible noncitizen for Federal\n student aid, as determined by the Secretary of Education for\n purposes of the Federal student loan program under title IV\n of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.).\n (6) Study abroad.--The term ``study abroad'' means an\n educational program of study, work, service learning,\n research, internship, or combination of such activities\n that--\n (A) is conducted outside of the United States; and\n (B) carries academic credit.\n (7) World language.--The term ``world language'' means any\n natural language other than English, including--\n (A) languages determined by the Secretary of State to be\n critical to the national security interests of the United\n States;\n (B) classical languages;\n (C) American sign language; and\n (D) Native American languages.\n (b) Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program.--\n (1) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of\n appropriations and under the authority of the Mutual\n Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451\n et seq.), the Secretary of State shall--\n (A) rename the IDEAS Program, or any successor program, as\n the ``Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program''; and\n (B) enhance the Program in accordance with this section.\n (2) Objectives.--The objectives of the Program are that not\n later than 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act--\n (A) not fewer than 1,000,000 undergraduate students from\n the United States will study abroad annually;\n (B) the demographics of study abroad participation will\n reflect the demographics of the United States undergraduate\n population by increasing the participation rate of\n underrepresented groups; and\n (C) an increasing portion of study abroad will take place\n in nontraditional study abroad destinations, with a\n substantial portion of such increases in developing\n countries.\n (3) Competitive grants to institutions of higher\n education.--\n\n[[Page S2308]]\n\n (A) In general.--In order to accomplish the objectives\n described in paragraph (2), the Secretary of State shall\n award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of\n higher education, either individually or as part of a\n consortium, based on applications by such institutions that--\n (i) set forth detailed plans for using grant funds to\n further such objectives;\n (ii) include an institutional commitment to expanding\n access to study abroad;\n (iii) include plans for evaluating progress made in\n increasing access to study abroad;\n (iv) describe how increases in study abroad participation\n achieved through the grant will be sustained in subsequent\n years; and\n (v) demonstrate that the study abroad programs have\n established health, safety, and security guidelines and\n procedures, informed by Department of State travel advisories\n and other appropriate Federal agencies and resources,\n including the Overseas Security Advisory Council and the\n Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n (B) Priority.--In awarding grants under subparagraph (A),\n the Secretary may give priority to--\n (i) minority-serving institutions listed under section\n 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.\n 1067q(a));\n (ii) eligible institutions (as defined in section 312(b) of\n the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058(b)) that\n qualify for the Strengthening Institutions Program of the\n Department of Education; and\n (iii) institutions that offer study abroad programs with a\n significant world language learning component, as applicable.\n (4) Implementation of lincoln commission recommendations.--\n In administering the Program, the Secretary of State shall\n take fully into account the recommendations of the Lincoln\n Commission, including--\n (A) institutions of higher education applying for grants\n described in paragraph (3) shall use Program funds to support\n direct student costs;\n (B) diversity shall be a defining characteristic of the\n Program; and\n (C) quality control shall be a defining characteristic of\n the Program.\n (5) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the\n Secretary of State shall consult with representatives of\n diverse institutions of higher education and educational\n policy organizations and other individuals with appropriate\n expertise.\n (c) Annual Report.--Not later than December 31 of each\n year, the Secretary of State shall submit an annual report to\n the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the\n Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives\n that details the implementation of the Program during the\n most recently concluded fiscal year.\n (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized\n to be appropriated, for fiscal year 2027 and for each\n subsequent fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to\n carry out the Program.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2305", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND SENATE RESOLUTIONS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SSUBMISSION", "S2305", "S2305", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"729\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"730\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"731\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"732\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"733\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"734\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"735\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"736\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"737\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2305", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2305]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND SENATE RESOLUTIONS\n\n The following concurrent resolutions and Senate resolutions were\nread, and referred (or acted upon), as indicated:\n\n By Mr. SCHMITT:\n S. Res. 729. A resolution recognizing and honoring\n Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, and the Corps of\n Discovery, for their expedition to explore the Louisiana\n Purchase; considered and agreed to.\n By Mr. SCHATZ (for himself and Ms. Hirono):\n S. Res. 730. A resolution congratulating the University of\n Hawaii men's volleyball team for winning the 2026 National\n Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Volleyball\n Championship; considered and agreed to.\n By Mrs. MOODY:\n S. Res. 731. A resolution recognizing the 175th anniversary\n of the founding of Alpha Delta Pi Sorority; to the Committee\n on the Judiciary.\n By Ms. WARREN (for herself, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Schumer,\n Mr. Wyden, Mrs. Murray, Ms. Smith, Ms. Alsobrooks,\n Mr. Bennet, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms. Blunt Rochester, Mr.\n Booker, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Coons, Ms. Cortez Masto,\n Ms. Duckworth, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Fetterman, Mr.\n Gallego, Mrs. Gillibrand, Ms. Hassan, Mr. Heinrich,\n Mr. Hickenlooper, Ms. Hirono, Mr. Kaine, Mr. Kelly,\n Mr. Kim, Mr. King, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Lujan, Mr.\n Markey, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Ossoff, Mr.\n Padilla, Mr. Peters, Mr. Reed, Ms. Rosen, Mr.\n Sanders, Mr. Schatz, Mr. Schiff, Ms. Slotkin, Mrs.\n Shaheen, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Warner, Mr. Warnock, Mr.\n Welch, and Mr. Whitehouse):\n S. Res. 732. A resolution expressing the sense of the\n Senate that over 25 years of real-world evidence and hundreds\n of peer-reviewed studies proving that mifepristone is safe\n and effective should be respected, and law and policy\n governing access to lifesaving, time-sensitive medication\n abortion care in the United States should be equitable,\n transparent, and based on the best available peer-reviewed\n evidence-based science; to the Committee on Health,\n Education, Labor, and Pensions.\n By Mr. LANKFORD (for himself and Mr. Fetterman):\n S. Res. 733. A resolution expressing the sense of the\n Senate that public servants should be commended for their\n dedication and continued service to the United States during\n Public Service Recognition Week and throughout the year;\n considered and agreed to.\n By Mr. WYDEN (for himself, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr.\n Heinrich, Mrs. Capito, Mr. Justice, Mr. Daines, and\n Mr. Coons):\n S. Res. 734. A resolution designating May 16, 2026, as\n ``Kids to Parks Day''; considered and agreed to.\n By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Thune,\n Mrs. Gillibrand, Mr. McConnell, Mr. King, Mr. Cruz,\n Mr. Whitehouse, Mr. Paul, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Tillis,\n Mr. Booker, Ms. Collins, Mr. Kaine, Mr. Graham, Ms.\n Slotkin, Mrs. Britt, Ms. Blunt Rochester, Mr. Husted,\n Mr. Fetterman, Mrs. Moody, Ms. Rosen, Mr. Crapo, Ms.\n Cortez Masto, Mr. Cotton, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Scott of\n South Carolina, Mr. Reed, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Welch, Mr.\n Cramer, Mr. Kelly, Mr. Hagerty, Ms. Hirono, Mrs.\n Capito, Mr. Ossoff, Mr. Sheehy, Mr. Schiff, Ms.\n Ernst, Mr. Coons, Mr. McCormick, Ms. Baldwin, Mr.\n Budd, Ms. Hassan, Mr. Rounds, Ms. Klobuchar, Mrs.\n Fischer, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Ricketts, Mr. Bennet,\n Mr. Cassidy, Ms. Alsobrooks, Mr. Lankford, Mr.\n Peters, Mr. Hoeven, Mr. Tuberville, Mr. Scott of\n Florida, Mr. Young, Mr. Daines, Mr. Sullivan, Mr.\n Justice, Mr. Marshall, Mr. Wicker, Ms. Murkowski, Mr.\n Barrasso, Mr. Schmitt, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr. Kennedy,\n and Ms. Cantwell):\n S. Res. 735. A resolution designating the week of May 10\n through May 16, 2026, as ``National Police Week''; considered\n and agreed to.\n By Mr. BARRASSO (for himself, Mr. Whitehouse, Mrs.\n Capito, Ms. Lummis, Mr. Wicker, Mr. King, and Mrs.\n Blackburn):\n S. Res. 736. A resolution supporting the goals and ideals\n of National Hospital Week, to be observed from May 10 through\n May 16, 2026; considered and agreed to.\n By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, Mr. Lujan, Mr. Daines,\n Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr. Warner, Mr. Cornyn, Ms. Hassan,\n Mr. Barrasso, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Young, Mrs. Britt,\n Mrs. Capito, Ms. Rosen, Mrs. Blackburn, and Mr.\n Husted):\n S. Res. 737. A resolution recognizing National Foster Care\n Month as an opportunity to raise awareness about the\n challenges of children in the foster care system and to\n encourage Congress to implement policies to improve the lives\n of children in the foster care system; considered and agreed\n to.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2305-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SCOSPONSORS", "S2305", "S2307", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"391\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"391\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"391\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"683\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"683\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"775\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"775\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"825\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"825\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1296\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1296\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1369\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1369\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1694\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1694\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1705\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1705\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1772\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1772\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1829\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1829\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1974\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"1974\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2125\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2125\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2222\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2222\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2265\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2265\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2436\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2436\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2904\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2904\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2955\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"2955\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3188\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3188\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3267\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3267\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3353\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3353\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3640\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3640\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3857\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3857\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3869\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3869\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3897\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"3897\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4011\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4011\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4364\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4364\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4392\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4392\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4429\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4429\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4485\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4485\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2305", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2305-S2307]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS\n\n S. 391\n\n At the request of Mr. Padilla, the name of the Senator from New\nJersey (Mr. Kim) was added as a cosponsor of S. 391, a bill to clarify\nthe rights of certain persons who are held or detained\n\n[[Page S2306]]\n\nat a port of entry or at any facility overseen by U.S. Customs and\nBorder Protection.\n\n S. 775\n\n At the request of Mr. Graham, the name of the Senator from North\nCarolina (Mr. Budd) was added as a cosponsor of S. 775, a bill to amend\nthe Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 to prohibit the slaughter of\nequines for human consumption.\n\n S. 825\n\n At the request of Mr. Grassley, the name of the Senator from Illinois\n(Mr. Durbin) was added as a cosponsor of S. 825, a bill to require the\nAttorney General to propose a program for making treatment for post-\ntraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder available to public\nsafety officers, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 1296\n\n At the request of Mr. Tillis, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1296, a\nbill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to strengthen disclosure\nrequirements relating to foreign gifts and contracts, to prohibit\ncontracts between institutions of higher education and certain foreign\nentities and countries of concern, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 1369\n\n At the request of Mr. Kaine, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1369, a\nbill to support the execution of bilateral agreements concerning\nillicit transnational maritime activity and to authorize the President\nto impose sanctions with respect to illegal, unreported, or unregulated\nfishing and the sale, supply, purchase, or transfer of endangered\nspecies, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 1694\n\n At the request of Mr. Scott of Florida, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1694, a\nbill to establish the Department of Homeland Security funding\nrestrictions on institutions of higher education that have a\nrelationship with Confucius Institutes, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 1705\n\n At the request of Mr. Cotton, the name of the Senator from Alabama\n(Mr. Tuberville) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1705, a bill to require\nthe Secretary of Commerce to issue standards with respect to chip\nsecurity mechanisms for integrated circuit products, and for other\npurposes.\n\n S. 1772\n\n At the request of Mr. Scott of Florida, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1772, a\nbill to require the inclusion of the Ministry of Public Security's\nInstitute of Forensic Science of China on the entity list maintained by\nthe Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce, and\nfor other purposes.\n\n S. 1829\n\n At the request of Mr. Hawley, the name of the Senator from Nevada\n(Ms. Cortez Masto) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1829, a bill to\ncombat the sexual exploitation of children by supporting victims and\npromoting accountability and transparency by the tech industry.\n\n S. 1974\n\n At the request of Mr. Coons, the name of the Senator from New\nHampshire (Mrs. Shaheen) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1974, a bill to\namend the Public Health Service Act to allow certain public health data\nmodernization grants to be used to track hospital bed capacity, and for\nother purposes.\n\n S. 2125\n\n At the request of Mr. Scott of Florida, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2125, a\nbill to require a report on the wealth of the leadership of the Chinese\nCommunist Party, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 2222\n\n At the request of Mr. Curtis, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2222, a\nbill to enhance the security, resilience, and protection of undersea\ncommunication cables vital to Taiwan's national security, economic\nstability, and defense, particularly in countering gray zone tactics\nemployed by the People's Republic of China, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 2265\n\n At the request of Mr. Padilla, the name of the Senator from Delaware\n(Mr. Coons) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2265, a bill to require the\nSecretary of the Treasury to mint coins in commemoration of the 2028\nOlympic and Paralympic Games in Los Angeles, California, and the 2034\nOlympics and Paralympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah.\n\n S. 2436\n\n At the request of Ms. Baldwin, the name of the Senator from Michigan\n(Ms. Slotkin) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2436, a bill to amend the\nConsolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to establish a grant\nprogram to assist with the purchase, installation, and maintenance of\npoint-of-entry and point-of-use drinking water quality improvement\nproducts, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 2904\n\n At the request of Mr. Risch, the names of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick), the Senator from Oregon (Mr. Merkley),\nthe Senator from Iowa (Mr. Grassley) and the Senator from New Jersey\n(Mr. Booker) were added as cosponsors of S. 2904, a bill to impose\nsanctions with respect to the shadow fleet of the Russian Federation,\nand for other purposes.\n\n S. 2955\n\n At the request of Mr. Banks, the name of the Senator from Idaho (Mr.\nCrapo) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2955, a bill to amend title 18,\nUnited States Code, to establish Federal penalties for the knowing and\nintentional administration of any abortion-inducing drug to a woman\nwithout her informed consent, if the abortion-inducing drug has been\nshipped or transported in interstate commerce, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 3188\n\n At the request of Mr. Coons, the name of the Senator from North\nCarolina (Mr. Tillis) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3188, a bill to\nestablish a Biopharmaceutical Center of Excellence, and for other\npurposes.\n\n S. 3267\n\n At the request of Ms. Collins, the names of the Senator from\nMississippi (Mr. Wicker) and the Senator from Arizona (Mr. Kelly) were\nadded as cosponsors of S. 3267, a bill to amend title XVIII of the\nSocial Security Act to provide for Medicare coverage of blood-based\ndementia screening tests.\n\n S. 3353\n\n At the request of Ms. Collins, the name of the Senator from Michigan\n(Ms. Slotkin) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3353, a bill to authorize\nthe Secretary of Agriculture to provide grants to States, territories,\nand Indian Tribes to address contamination by perfluoroalkyl and\npolyfluoroalkyl substances on farms, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 3640\n\n At the request of Mr. Scott of Florida, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3640, a\nbill to require the Secretary of the Treasury to include any entity\nidentified as a Chinese military company on the Non-SDN Chinese\nMilitary-Industrial Complex Companies List.\n\n S. 3857\n\n At the request of Mr. Scott of Florida, the name of the Senator from\nPennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3857, a\nbill to prohibit the Secretary of Homeland Security from admitting to\nthe United States any national of the People's Republic of China\nwithout a valid visa, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 3869\n\n At the request of Mr. Sanders, the name of the Senator from Rhode\nIsland (Mr. Whitehouse) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3869, a bill to\nallow Americans to earn paid sick time so that they can address their\nown health needs and the health needs of their families.\n\n S. 3897\n\n At the request of Mr. Cruz, the name of the Senator from Illinois\n(Mr. Durbin) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3897, a bill to revise\nadministrative procedures relating to public safety officers' death\nbenefits, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 4011\n\n At the request of Mr. Coons, the name of the Senator from Hawaii (Mr.\nSchatz) was added as a cosponsor of S.\n\n[[Page S2307]]\n\n4011, a bill to reauthorize the Tropical Forest and Coral Reef\nConservation Act of 1998.\n\n S. 4364\n\n At the request of Mr. Wyden, the names of the Senator from Rhode\nIsland (Mr. Reed) and the Senator from New York (Mrs. Gillibrand) were\nadded as cosponsors of S. 4364, a bill to provide for the refund of\nduties imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.\n\n S. 4392\n\n At the request of Mr. Coons, the names of the Senator from Colorado\n(Mr. Hickenlooper) and the Senator from Utah (Mr. Curtis) were added as\ncosponsors of S. 4392, a bill to promote United States and allied\nenergy and mineral security, and for other purposes.\n\n S. 4429\n\n At the request of Mr. Moreno, the names of the Senator from Arkansas\n(Mr. Cotton), the Senator from Missouri (Mr. Schmitt) and the Senator\nfrom Alabama (Mr. Tuberville) were added as cosponsors of S. 4429, a\nbill to prohibit the importation, manufacture, sale, resale, or\nintroduction into interstate commerce in the United States of connected\nvehicles and related software and hardware associated with foreign\nadversaries.\n\n S. 4485\n\n At the request of Mr. Hawley, the name of the Senator from Florida\n(Mrs. Moody) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4485, a bill to amend the\nInternal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a tax holiday for gasoline and\ndiesel fuel.\n\n S. RES. 683\n\n At the request of Mr. Welch, the name of the Senator from Michigan\n(Mr. Peters) was added as a cosponsor of S. Res. 683, a resolution\nraising awareness of lake sturgeon.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2304", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SMSGHOUSE", "S2304", "S2304", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HCONRES\", \"number\": \"96\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1346\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2304", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2304]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE\n\n At 12:04 p.m., a message from the House of Representatives, delivered\nby Mrs. Alli, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House has\npassed the following bill, in which it requests the concurrence of the\nSenate:\n\n H.R. 1346. An act to amend the Clean Air Act with respect\n to the ethanol waiver for Reid Vapor Pressure under that Act,\n and for other purposes.\n\n The message also announced that the House has agreed to the following\nconcurrent resolution, in which it requests the concurrence of the\nSenate:\n\n H. Con. Res. 96. Concurrent resolution expressing support\n for law enforcement officers.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2304-5", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SINTROBILLS", "S2304", "S2305", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4525\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4526\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4527\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4528\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4529\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4530\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4531\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4532\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4533\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4534\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4535\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4536\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4537\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4538\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4539\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4540\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4541\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4542\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4543\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4544\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4545\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4546\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4547\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4548\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4549\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2304", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2304-S2305]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS\n\n The following bills and joint resolutions were introduced, read the\nfirst and second times by unanimous consent, and referred as indicated:\n\n By Mr. BANKS:\n S. 4525. A bill to prohibit certain federally funded\n research collaborations with certain foreign entities, and\n for other purposes; to the Committee on Homeland Security and\n Governmental Affairs.\n By Mr. COTTON:\n S. 4526. A bill to establish a new ground for\n inadmissibility for close relatives of foreign terrorists; to\n the Committee on the Judiciary.\n By Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Mr. Gallego):\n S. 4527. A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to\n provide greater opportunities for veterans to pursue\n education programs involving emerging technologies, and for\n other purposes; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs.\n By Mr. SCOTT of South Carolina (for himself, Mr. Coons,\n Mr. Warnock, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Van Hollen, Ms. Blunt\n Rochester, Mr. Booker, and Mr. Boozman):\n S. 4528. A bill to provide for the long-term improvement of\n Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and for other\n purposes; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and\n Pensions.\n By Ms. LUMMIS (for herself and Mr. Kelly):\n S. 4529. A bill to require the Nuclear Regulatory\n Commission to allow the use of commercial-grade steel and\n concrete in non-safety-related structures at nuclear power\n plants, and for other purposes; to the Committee on\n Environment and Public Works.\n By Mr. McCONNELL (for himself and Mr. Padilla):\n S. 4530. A bill to amend chapters 83 and 84 of title 5,\n United States Code, to authorize an increase of the\n retirement age for members of the Capitol Police; considered\n and passed.\n By Mr. HUSTED (for himself, Mr. Cassidy, and Mr.\n Tuberville):\n S. 4531. A bill to amend section 498A of the Higher\n Education Act of 1965 to require the Secretary of Education\n to prioritize program reviews of institutions of higher\n education that disburse Federal financial aid under title IV\n of such Act without verifying the identity of a student whose\n FAFSA presents a reasonable suspicion of identity fraud; to\n the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.\n By Ms. CORTEZ MASTO:\n S. 4532. A bill to include smoke in the definition of\n disaster in the Small Business Act, and for other purposes;\n to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.\n By Mr. GRAHAM:\n S. 4533. A bill to amend title 10, United States Code, to\n include the Coast Guard in the requirement to buy certain\n articles from American sources; to the Committee on Commerce,\n Science, and Transportation.\n By Ms. CORTEZ MASTO (for herself and Ms. Alsobrooks):\n S. 4534. A bill to amend the Small Business Act to\n establish a direct loan program for microbusinesses at the\n Small Business Administration, and for other purposes; to the\n Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.\n By Mr. MURPHY (for himself, Ms. Baldwin, Mr.\n Blumenthal, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Markey, Mr. Padilla, Mr.\n Sanders, Mr. Schiff, Mr. Van Hollen, and Ms. Warren):\n S. 4535. A bill to establish the Strength in Diversity\n Program, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Health,\n Education, Labor, and Pensions.\n By Ms. ROSEN (for herself, Mr. Curtis, and Ms. Blunt\n Rochester):\n S. 4536. A bill to amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to\n authorize grant funds under the Midsize and Large Drinking\n Water System Infrastructure Resilience and Sustainability\n Program to be used to increase resilience to extreme\n temperatures, and for other purposes; to the Committee on\n Environment and Public Works.\n By Mr. WYDEN (for himself, Mr. Paul, and Ms. Lummis):\n S. 4537. A bill to repeal the Military Selective Service\n Act; to the Committee on Armed Services.\n By Mr. FETTERMAN (for himself, Mr. McCormick, Mr.\n Kaine, Mr. Warner, Mr. Justice, and Mrs. Capito):\n\n[[Page S2305]]\n\n S. 4538. A bill to amend the National Trails System Act to\n direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study on\n the feasibility of designating Washington's Trail-1753 as a\n national historic trail, and for other purposes; to the\n Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.\n By Mr. YOUNG (for himself and Mr. Lankford):\n S. 4539. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986\n to modify the penalties relating to the disclosure of tax\n return information relating to contributors to certain tax-\n exempt organizations, and for other purposes; to the\n Committee on Finance.\n By Mrs. MURRAY (for herself, Ms. Duckworth, Ms.\n Alsobrooks, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Booker, Mr.\n Fetterman, Mrs. Gillibrand, Ms. Hassan, Ms. Hirono,\n Mr. Markey, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Sanders,\n Mr. Schiff, Ms. Smith, Ms. Warren, Mr. Welch, Mr.\n Whitehouse, and Mr. Wyden):\n S. 4540. A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to\n improve reproductive health care of individuals with\n disabilities; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor,\n and Pensions.\n By Mr. DURBIN (for himself and Mr. Wicker):\n S. 4541. A bill to ensure that significantly more students\n graduate college with the international knowledge and\n experience essential for success in today's global economy\n through the establishment of the Senator Paul Simon Study\n Abroad Program in the Department of State; to the Committee\n on Foreign Relations.\n By Mr. CORNYN:\n S. 4542. A bill to disqualify aliens from establishing good\n moral character, maintaining eligibility for asylum, and\n retaining lawful permanent resident status if they engage in\n activities in opposition to the United States Constitution,\n our form of government, or support Sharia law; to the\n Committee on the Judiciary.\n By Mr. BLUMENTHAL (for himself, Ms. Hirono, Mr.\n Merkley, Mr. Heinrich, and Mr. Booker):\n S. 4543. A bill to create dedicated funds to conserve\n butterflies in North America, plants in the Pacific Islands,\n freshwater mussels in the United States, and desert fish in\n the Southwest United States, and for other purposes; to the\n Committee on Environment and Public Works.\n By Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Ms. Rosen):\n S. 4544. A bill to require a report on countering the\n smuggling of hydrocarbon products by transnational criminal\n organizations, and for other purposes; to the Committee on\n Armed Services.\n By Mr. SCHATZ (for himself, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Blumenthal,\n Mr. Hickenlooper, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Lujan, Mr.\n Markey, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Padilla, Ms. Rosen, Mr.\n Schiff, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Warner, Mr. Welch, Mr.\n Whitehouse, Mr. Wyden, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Schumer, Mr.\n Booker, Ms. Warren, and Ms. Baldwin):\n S. 4545. A bill to amend the America COMPETES Act to\n establish certain scientific integrity policies for Federal\n agencies that fund, conduct, or oversee scientific research,\n and for other purposes; to the Committee on Commerce,\n Science, and Transportation.\n By Mr. TUBERVILLE:\n S. 4546. A bill to amend the Immigration and Nationality\n Act to establish a national-interest standard for\n immigration, end certain family-sponsored immigration\n categories, revise standards relating to good moral\n character, eliminate the diversity immigrant category, revise\n public-charge and sponsor-support rules, revise\n naturalization requirements, reform employment-based\n immigration and H-1B visas, eliminate Optional Practical\n Training absent express statutory authorization, revise\n asylum procedures, require employment eligibility\n verification, establish additional penalties relating to\n unlawful presence and visa overstays, revise parole\n authority, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the\n Judiciary.\n By Mr. SCHMITT:\n S. 4547. A bill to amend the Immigration and Nationality\n Act to strengthen requirements for naturalization, to require\n instruction on the oath of allegiance and the principles of\n the Constitution, to establish consequences for fraud and\n concealment in the naturalization process, and for other\n purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary.\n By Mr. JUSTICE:\n S. 4548. A bill to amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to\n establish a program to promote upland species habitat\n restoration, and for other purposes; to the Committee on\n Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.\n By Mr. CORNYN:\n S. 4549. A bill ensure the reliable delivery of water to\n the United States under the 1944 Water Treaty, to provide a\n mechanism to compensate United States agricultural producers\n for economic losses resulting from delivery shortfalls, and\n for other purposes; to the Committee on Foreign Relations.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2304-4", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "EXECUTIVECOMM", "S2304", "S2304", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2304", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2304]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS\n\n The following communications were laid before the Senate, together\nwith accompanying papers, reports, and documents, and were referred as\nindicated:\n\n EC-3439. A communication from the President of the United\n States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report of the\n continuation of the national emergency with respect to the\n Central African Republic that was declared in Executive Order\n 13667 of May 12, 2014; to the Committee on Banking, Housing,\n and Urban Affairs.\n EC-3440. A communication from the President of the United\n States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report of the\n continuation of the national emergency with respect to the\n stabilization of Iraq that was declared in Executive Order\n 13303 of May 22, 2003; to the Committee on Banking, Housing,\n and Urban Affairs.\n EC-3441. A communication from the President of the United\n States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report of the\n continuation of the national emergency with respect to Yemen\n that was declared in Executive Order 13611 of May 16, 2012;\n to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.\n EC-3442. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official,\n Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting,\n pursuant to section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control\n Act, the notification of enhancements or upgrades from the\n level of sensitivity of technology or capability (RSAT Case\n 26-0Q); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.\n EC-3443. A communication from the Chief Regulatory\n Officer, Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of\n Homeland Security, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report\n of a rule entitled ``Signatures on Immigration Benefit\n Requests'' (RIN1615-AD17) received in the Office of the\n President of the Senate on May 13, 2026; to the Committee on\n the Judiciary.\n EC-3444. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official,\n Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting,\n pursuant to section 36(c) and 36(d) of the Arms Export\n Control Act, the certification of a proposed license for the\n export of defense articles, including technical data, and\n defense services to Malaysia and the Republic of Korea in the\n amount of $50,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 25-108);\n to the Committee on Foreign Relations.\n EC-3445. A communication from the Acting Chair of the\n Administrative Conference of the United States, transmitting,\n a report entitled ``Equal Access to Justice Act Awards Report\n to Congress Fiscal Year 2025''; to the Committee on the\n Judiciary.\n EC-3446. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official,\n Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting,\n pursuant to section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the\n certification of a proposed license for the export of\n firearms, parts, and components controlled under Category I\n of the U.S. Munitions List to the Netherlands and Ukraine in\n the amount of $1,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-\n 027); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.\n EC-3447. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official,\n Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting,\n pursuant to law, a report entitled ``Report to Congress on\n Department of State Actions in FY 2025 Pursuant to the\n Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act''; to the\n Committee on Finance.\n EC-3448. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official,\n Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting,\n pursuant to law, a report entitled ``Report to Congress on\n Department of State Actions in FY 2025 Pursuant to the\n Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act''; to the\n Committee on Foreign Relations.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2304-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "PRIVILEGED NOMINATIONS REFERRED TO COMMITTEE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2304", "S2304", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"116\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"116\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2304", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2304]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n PRIVILEGED NOMINATIONS REFERRED TO COMMITTEE\n\n On request by Senator Tim Kaine, under the authority of S. Res. 116,\n112th Congress, the following nomination was referred to the Committee\non Foreign Relations: Juan Segura, of Virginia, to be a Member of the\nBoard of Directors of the Inter-American Foundation for a term expiring\nSeptember 20, 2026.\n On request by Senator Tim Kaine, under the authority of S. Res. 116,\n112th Congress, the following nomination was referred to the Committee\non Foreign Relations: Juan Segura, of Virginia, to be a Member of the\nBoard of Directors of the Inter-American Foundation for a term expiring\nSeptember 20, 2032.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2304-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "MEASURES REFERRED", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SREFERRED", "S2304", "S2304", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1346\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2304", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2304]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n MEASURES REFERRED\n\n The following bill was read the first and the second times by\nunanimous consent, and referred as indicated:\n\n H.R. 1346. An act to amend the Clean Air Act with respect\n to the ethanol waiver for Reid Vapor Pressure under that Act,\n and for other purposes; to the Committee on Environment and\n Public Works.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2303", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RECOGNIZING ALLTERRA ARMS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SADDITIONAL", "S2303", "S2303", "[{\"name\": \"James E. Risch\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2303", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2303]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS\n\n ______\n\n RECOGNIZING ALLTERRA ARMS\n\n Mr. RISCH. Mr. President, as a member and former chairman of\nthe Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, each month\nI recognize and celebrate the American entrepreneurial spirit by\nhighlighting the success of a small business in my home State of Idaho.\nToday, I am proud to honor AllTerra Arms in Boise as the Idaho Small\nBusiness of the Month for May 2026.\n AllTerra Arms began in 2015 when Drew Foster took a pen, a napkin,\nand his engineering expertise and set out to correct the shortcomings\nhe saw in traditional hunting rifles. His original idea to modify\nexisting models quickly led to the patenting of Drew's own bolt action\nrifle designs. After 2 years of research, development, prototyping, and\ntesting, Drew and his team created an outdoorsman's dream: a rifle that\ncombines the precision of a benchrest rifle and the reliability of a\nhunting rifle.\n Drew's passion lies in the engineering process, and he is delighted\nto watch his work come to life in AllTerra's rifles. The business\ndesigns and manufactures everything in-house, where a commitment to\nquality and precision shines through. The AllTerra team continues\nworking to perfect the rifle, a task large companies rarely take on.\nWhile their unique reinvention has come with challenges, it has also\npiqued interest and turned many heads in the industry. More than a\ndecade later, Drew and the team pride themselves on never giving up and\nare confident that their experience and expertise will enable them to\nconquer anything, no matter what firearm they decide to redesign next.\n The team at AllTerra Arms is full of outdoorsmen who enjoy Idaho's\npublic lands. They prioritize giving back to community organizations\nthat support and maintain our lands for all to enjoy, including the\nIdaho Wild Sheep Foundation, Safari Club International, and the\nNational Shooting Sports Foundation.\n Congratulations to Drew and the AllTerra Arms team on being\nrecognized as the Idaho Small Business of the Month for May 2026. Your\ndedication to excellence makes Idaho proud, and I look forward to your\ncontinued growth and success.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2303-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RECOGNIZING POCATELLO-CHUBBUCK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "RECOGNIZING", "S2303", "S2304", "[{\"name\": \"James E. Risch\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2303", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2303-S2304]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n RECOGNIZING POCATELLO-CHUBBUCK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE\n\n Mr. RISCH. Mr. President, I rise with my colleagues Senator\nMike Crapo and Representative Mike Simpson to celebrate the 125th\nanniversary of the Pocatello-Chubbuck Chamber of Commerce.\n The history of Pocatello and Chubbuck begins with the Oregon Trail,\nwhich ran through the Portneuf Gap just south of the two cities,\ndrawing pioneers, gold miners, and settlers to the region. The city of\nPocatello was founded in 1889 and quickly became a hub for\ntransportation and agriculture. This traffic was followed by stage and\nfreight lines, then the railroad. Pocatello was aptly named the Gateway\nto the Northwest, as it quickly grew into a trade center and\ntransportation junction. Chubbuck, named after railroad conductor\nWalter Chubbuck, was incorporated in December 1949. The towns,\nseparated only by a city limits sign, are joined together through the\nChamber of Commerce, which works for both communities.\n The chamber originally began in 1893 as the Pocatello Commercial Club\nand formally became a chamber of commerce in 1901. What started as a\nbooster-style club quickly expanded in influence to support the\nconstruction of the American Falls dam. Then, in 2014, after a few name\nchanges, the Pocatello-Chubbuck Chamber of Commerce came into being,\nwith a mission of representing trade in Pocatello, Chubbuck, and the\nsurrounding area.\n The creation of the Pocatello-Chubbuck Chamber of Commerce aligned\nwith the region's early boom period. This marked a busy time for early\nmembers tasked with recruiting and representing new businesses,\ncoordinating civic improvements, and promoting downtown commerce. Now,\n125 years later, the chamber advocates for local businesses at the\nState and Federal level, promotes tourism, and runs community\ncampaigns, including the Leadership Pocatello-Chubbuck Program, the\nYouth Pocatello Leadership Program (LEAP), the Chamber Young\nProfessionals, the Chamber Champions Committee, and beautification\nprograms.\n For more than a century, the Pocatello-Chubbuck Chamber of Commerce\nhas played a vital role in shaping the region from a railroad town to\none of the largest communities in Idaho. Home to Idaho State\nUniversity, major corporate headquarters, and multinational companies,\nthe area has emerged as a hub for the Gem State. The chamber has been a\ndriving force in this effort and, more importantly, preserving the\nheart and soul of Pocatello and Chubbuck.\n Congratulations to the Pocatello-Chubbuck Chamber of Commerce on 125\nyears. Today, we proudly recognize the chamber's hard work and\ncontinued dedication to driving economic growth in Idaho.\n\n[[Page S2304]]\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2302", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "100TH ANNIVERSARY OF SARGENT CORPORATION", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2302", "S2302", "[{\"name\": \"Susan M. Collins\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2302", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2302]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF SARGENT CORPORATION\n\n Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, I rise today to congratulate Sargent\nCorporation on 100 years of exceptional business growth and\ndevelopment. From a humble beginning in Alton, ME, the general\ncontracting company has grown significantly, continuing to work with\nand for Mainers to better our State, one project at a time.\n In 1926, Herbert E. Sargent set out to make a living, purchasing a\nused dumptruck for hauling in the summer and plowing in the winter.\nThrough honest, hard work, Herb offered high-quality services for his\ncommunity, and demand quickly grew. Just 4 years later, he ambitiously\nacquired a fleet of trucks and a bulldozer, taking on many more\nprojects. Herb's son Jim took over the family's business in 1957,\naiding his father and building on his reputation as an honest, reliable\ncontractor. Two decades later, Jim became company president. In the\n1990s, after some very successful projects near Baltimore, Sargent\nexpanded beyond New England to the Mid-Atlantic region.\n In 2013, the company's employees acquired 100 percent of the stock\nfrom Herb R. Sargent, the founder's grandson. Since then, the company\nhas been entirely employee-owned. Today, more than 500 employee-owners\nthroughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic remain invested in and\nsupportive of the success of Sargent.\n Sargent Corporation has bettered communities across the State through\nvarious projects, such as recent work at Eastport Airport, the Downeast\nWind Farm, the Maine Turnpike, and many more. Through these public and\nprivate projects, Sargent's work has improved environmental health,\nenergy production, and transportation infrastructure across the State.\nDue to the high quality of performance and record of safety at Sargent,\nthe company has won a plethora of awards in my home State, including\nthe Build Maine Award 16 times since 2010. These rewards affirm what I\nknow firsthand about Sargent: The company has maintained their\npriorities in performance and safety.\n Sargent Corporation was built on integrity, reliability, and hard\nwork 100 years ago, and as they adapt with the times, these values hold\ntrue. Today, I thank Sargent for its tremendous impact on our\ncommunities and congratulate it on its milestone anniversary.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2302-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "TRIBUTE TO DR. JOHN RAYMOND", "SENATE", "SENATE", "TRIBUTETO", "S2302", "S2303", "[{\"name\": \"Tammy Baldwin\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2302", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2302-S2303]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n TRIBUTE TO DR. JOHN RAYMOND\n\n Ms. BALDWIN. Mr. President, I rise today to pay tribute to Dr. John\nRaymond, one of Wisconsin's most distinguished physicians, educators,\nresearchers, and institutional leaders. Serving as president of the\nMedical College of Wisconsin (MCW) since 2010, Dr. Raymond will be\nstepping down as President and transitioning to a faculty role in June\nof 2026.\n The career of Dr. Raymond is marked by his exceptional commitment to\npublic service and the well-being of not only Milwaukee, but the entire\nState of Wisconsin. For 16 years he has worked extensively with my\noffice to ensure we create the best possible health legislation for our\nconstituents, while deftly navigating numerous challenges, including\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.\n A native of Akron, OH, Dr. Raymond graduated from Ohio State\nUniversity in 1978 and earned his medical degree there in 1982. He\nbegan his career as a faculty member at the world-renowned Duke\nUniversity Medical Center. Dr. Raymond later became the associate chief\nof staff of the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center in Charleston, SC,\nbefore moving into academic administration as vice president for\nacademic affairs and provost of the Medical University of South\nCarolina. Eventually, Dr. Raymond came to Wisconsin, assuming his\ntenure as president of MCW in 2010.\n Dr. Raymond arrived at MCW with a mandate and a vision he articulated\nclearly in his installation address: ``Strength Through\nCollaboration.'' That phrase, far more than mere rhetoric, proved to be\nthe guiding principle of 16 transformational years. Under his\nstewardship, MCW, Wisconsin's only private medical school, grew from a\n$798.4 million institution into a $1.61 billion enterprise, more than\ndoubling its top-line revenue and reflecting the profound expansion of\nMCW's reach, capacity, and national stature.\n Today, in partnership with Froedtert Health, Children's Wisconsin,\nand the Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, MCW contributes $5.82\nbillion annually in direct operational impact to\n\n[[Page S2303]]\n\nour Nation's economy. During his tenure, philanthropic support to MCW\nincreased by 400 percent, research expenditures doubled, and patient\nvisits tripled. These are metrics that speak not merely to\ninstitutional scale, but to the depth of public trust Dr. Raymond has\ncultivated.\n Among the most consequential contributions of Dr. Raymond's\npresidency has been his recognition that a great medical institution\nmust serve all corners of the State it calls home. Wisconsin has long\nfaced a serious and growing physician shortage, particularly in its\nrural communities. Dr. Raymond addressed this challenge head-on. Under\nhis leadership, MCW established regional medical school campuses in\nGreen Bay and central Wisconsin, extending access to world-class\nmedical education beyond Milwaukee and into communities that had long\nbeen underserved. Additionally, in August 2017, MCW launched its School\nof Pharmacy, broadening the institution's scope and training the\npharmacists who will serve Wisconsin patients for generations to come.\n Dr. Raymond's contributions to the Milwaukee community include the\nThriveOn King collaboration, a partnership with the Greater Milwaukee\nFoundation and the Royal Capital Group. MCW built the ThriveOn King\nbuilding to address social determinants of health and bring economic\nand social benefits to one of Milwaukee's most historic neighborhoods.\n The full weight of Dr. Raymond's character and leadership was perhaps\nmost vividly demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, when Wisconsin,\nalong with every other State, faced an unprecedented public health\ncrisis. Dr. Raymond emerged as one of the State's most trusted and\nauthoritative voices, providing regular briefings to area business\nexecutives and the public alike, communicating with clarity, calm, and\nscientific integrity at a time when both were desperately needed. His\nservice during the pandemic earned him the Milwaukee Business Journal's\nrecognition as Executive of the Year in 2020 and Health Care Leader of\nthe Year in 2021. These awards reflect not only professional\nachievement but the public's genuine gratitude for steady, principled\nleadership in a time of crisis.\n Taken together, Dr. Raymond's accomplishments reflect a commitment to\nWisconsin that has never been confined to the lecture hall or the\nlaboratory. Rather, he has been a tireless champion of community\nengagement and health equity.\n As Dr. Raymond now transitions from the presidency of the Medical\nCollege of Wisconsin to a faculty position, we are reminded that the\ntruest measure of an institution-builder is not the scale of what they\nconstruct, but the permanence of what they leave behind. Dr. Raymond\nleaves behind a stronger, more expansive, more equitable, and more\ndeeply woven institution than the one he inherited.\n For all his contributions to the health of Wisconsin's communities,\nto the vitality of its medical workforce, and to the strength of its\ninstitutions, I wish to express my deepest gratitude and most sincere\nadmiration for Dr. John R. Raymond. As a direct result of his service,\nthe great State of Wisconsin has been made immeasurably better.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2302-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "50TH ANNIVERSARY OF SAPPI NORTH AMERICA'S SOMERSET MILL", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2302", "S2302", "[{\"name\": \"Susan M. Collins\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2302", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2302]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF SAPPI NORTH AMERICA'S SOMERSET MILL\n\n Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, I rise today to congratulate Sappi North\nAmerica, Inc., on 50 years of operations at the Somerset Mill in\nSkowhegan, ME. Since opening in 1976 on the banks of the Kennebec\nRiver, the Somerset Mill has grown into one of the most technologically\nadvanced paper mills in North America. Today, the mill manufactures\nhigh-quality paper products from trees harvested in Maine and is known\nfor its longstanding commitment to its employees and the surrounding\ncommunity.\n The Somerset Mill employs approximately 780 skilled workers, making\nit one of the largest employers in Maine. The facility operates three\nstate-of-the-art paper machines, with a total annual production\ncapacity of 1.25 million tons. The mill produces coated freesheet paper\ncommonly used for magazines, brochures, and direct mail advertising. It\nis also a leading producer of paper and paperboard used in packaging,\nlabels, graphic papers, and grease-proof paper for food packaging.\n Project Elevate, a $500 million modernization investment completed\nlast year, doubled the production capacity of Paper Machine No. 2.\nThese recent investments in the Somerset Mill reflect the steadfast\ndevotion Sappi holds to producing quality products and responding to\nmarket demands, further strengthening Sappi's position as a leader in\nsustainably manufactured paperboard.\n Sappi North America has undertaken significant efforts to reduce\ngreenhouse gas emissions. The Somerset Mill generates much of its\nenergy on-site using biomass from papermaking byproducts, namely bark\nand wood chips. Sappi also has an approved Science Based Targets\nInitiative goal to reduce its carbon emissions by 41 percent by 2030.\nAdditionally, the Somerset Mill holds triple certification from the\nForest Stewardship Council, Sustainable Forestry Initiative, and\nProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. These accolades\nreflect Sappi's continued effort to maintain the long-term well-being\nof Maine's invaluable natural environment.\n Sappi's Somerset Mill has been recognized for its attention to the\nsafety of its employees. In 2023, for the first time in its 50-year\nhistory, the pulp mill completed the fiscal year without a recordable\ninjury. The mill also achieved 1 million hours without a Lost Time\nInjury and received a Gold Award through Sappi's global Safety\nRecognition Awards program.\n The mill's impact extends beyond its operations and into the\nsurrounding community. In 2026, Sappi's Somerset Mill leadership was\nnamed Large Business of the Year by both the Mid-Maine Chamber of\nCommerce and the Skowhegan Area Chamber of Commerce. In 2025, Sappi\nNorth America CEO Mike Haws was recognized as the MaineBiz Leader of\nthe Year. In 2023, the Somerset Mill received the Somerset County\nChampions Award at the Heart of Maine United Way campaign kickoff event\nafter raising 30 percent of the county's total United Way workplace\ncampaign contributions.\n I congratulate Sappi North America and all the employees of the\nSomerset Mill on this milestone anniversary and thank them for their\ncontinued contributions to Maine's economy, paper industry, and\ncommunities.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2299", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE OPINION LETTER", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2299", "S2302", "[{\"name\": \"Ron Wyden\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2299", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2299-S2302]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE OPINION LETTER\n\n Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the following\nGAO opinion letter dated May 12, 2026, be printed in the Record.\n There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in\nthe Record, as follows:\n\n Decision\n\n Matter of: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,\n Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services--Applicability\n of the Congressional Review Act to Notice Implementing\n the Wasteful and Inappropriate Services Reduction (WISeR)\n Model.\n File: B-337994.\n Date: May 12, 2026.\n\n DIGEST\n\n On July 1, 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human\n Services (HHS), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services\n (CMS) issued a notice announcing the implementation of the\n Wasteful and Inappropriate Services Reduction (WISeR) Model,\n a new process to be used in six states to evaluate whether\n claims for certain medical items and services comply with\n Medicare requirements (WISeR Model Notice or Notice).\n The Congressional Review Act (CRA) requires that before a\n rule can take effect, an agency must submit the rule to both\n the House of Representatives and the Senate, as well as the\n Comptroller General. CRA adopts the definition of a rule\n under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) but excludes\n certain categories of rules from coverage. We conclude that\n the WISeR Model Notice is a rule for purposes of CRA because\n it meets the APA definition of a rule, and no CRA exception\n applies. Among other things, the WISeR Model Notice\n prescribes new requirements for Original Medicare providers\n in selected states by mandating prior authorization or pre-\n payment medical review of claims for certain services. Given\n the nature of the changes and because they could potentially\n affect the determinations made on claims for the selected\n services, we conclude that the Notice substantially affects\n the rights and obligations of non-agency parties,\n specifically providers and beneficiaries of those services.\n Therefore, the Notice is a rule subject to CRA's submission\n requirements.\n\n DECISION\n\n On July 1, 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human\n Services (HHS), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services\n (CMS) issued a notice announcing the implementation of the\n Wasteful and Inappropriate Services Reduction (WISeR) Model,\n a new process to be used in six states to evaluate whether\n claims for certain medical items and services comply with\n Medicare requirements. We received a request for a decision\n as to whether the implementation of the WISeR Model is a rule\n for purposes of the Congressional Review Act (CRA). As\n discussed below, we conclude that the WISeR Model Notice is a\n rule subject to CRA's submission requirements.\n Our practice when rendering decisions is to contact the\n relevant agencies to obtain factual information and their\n legal views on the subject of the request. Accordingly, we\n reached out to HHS on January 13, 2026. We received HHS's\n response on February 20, 2026.\n\n BACKGROUND\n\n Original Medicare\n Medicare consists of four distinct parts: Parts A, B, C,\n and D. Original Medicare--sometimes called Medicare Fee-for-\n Service (FFS)--includes Part A and Part B. Part A (Hospital\n Insurance) ``helps cover inpatient care in hospitals, skilled\n nursing facility care, hospice care, and home health care.''\n Part B (Medical Insurance) helps cover a range of medical\n services and supplies, including physician, outpatient, and\n some home health care, durable medical equipment, and many\n preventive services. Medical providers and suppliers submit\n Part A and Part B claims for services and items to Medicare\n Administrative Contractors (MACs)--private health insurers\n that have specific geographic jurisdictions--which process\n and pay the claims.\n CMS and MACs employ a variety of techniques to reduce\n fraud, waste, and abuse in Original Medicare. These include\n publishing ``National and Local Coverage Determinations (NCDs\n and LCDs, respectively) describing the evidence-based\n requirements and limitations for Medicare coverage for\n specific medical services, procedures, or devices.'' MACs\n also operate a medical review program that includes pre-\n payment clinical review of medical records and related\n information to ensure that payment is made only for services\n that meet all Medicare coverage, coding, billing, and medical\n necessity requirements. The MAC may use any relevant\n information they deem necessary to conduct the review,\n including documentation submitted with the claim and\n additional information they request from the provider.\n However, only a small percentage of claims are subject to\n such pre-payment review. CMS pays MACs for pre-payment\n reviews based on the MACs' costs to review the claims.\n Claims are generally submitted to the MACs after the\n services are rendered, though certain services require prior\n authorization before the service is provided to the\n beneficiary. For those services, providers submit a request\n for prior authorization to the MAC, and the MAC reviews the\n request based on the associated Medicare requirements, such\n as those found in NCDs and LCDs, and provides a decision,\n which can be either provisional affirmation or non-\n affirmation.\n WISeR Model Notice\n On July 1, 2025, CMS issued the Notice announcing the\n implementation of the WISeR Model, a new process to evaluate\n claims for certain medical services under Original Medicare.\n The Notice explains that the WISeR Model will be tested for a\n six-year period beginning on January 1, 2026, in six states.\n According to CMS, the model ``will focus on testing the\n implementation of prior authorization and pre-payment review\n for specific selected services that will be performed by\n third party entities leveraging enhanced technologies''--\n referred to as ``model participants.'' The model participants\n will implement an optional prior authorization process for\n the selected services to ensure they ``are clinically\n appropriate, evidence-based, and consistent with Medicare . .\n . requirements.'' CMS stated that it envisions that the\n model's use of enhanced technology will streamline the\n process and identify when services are medically unnecessary,\n thereby supporting providers in navigating beneficiaries\n towards more clinically appropriate or higher value care.\n The Notice states that for the selected services, providers\n will have the option to: (1) submit a request for prior\n authorization with supporting documentation to the relevant\n model participant; (2) submit a request for prior\n authorization with supporting documentation to the MAC (which\n will send the request to the model participant); or (3)\n perform the service without requesting prior authorization\n and then submit a claim, which\n\n[[Page S2300]]\n\n will be subject to pre-payment medical review by the model\n participant and may involve requests for supporting\n documentation.\n Under options 1 or 2 described above, if the provider opts\n to seek prior authorization from either the model participant\n directly or via the MAC, the model participant will review\n the request and issue a provisional affirmation or non-\n affirmation. If the model participant provisionally affirms\n the request, the associated claim will generally be paid by\n the MAC. On the other hand, claims associated with a non-\n affirmed request will be denied by the MAC, and the denial\n would be subject to the existing administrative appeals\n process.\n Under option 3, if the provider opts to furnish the service\n without requesting prior authorization and then submits a\n claim to the MAC, the MAC will flag the claim for pre-payment\n medical review, to be performed by the model participant. The\n model participant will request documentation from the\n provider to support the medical necessity of the claim,\n conduct a medical review, and then communicate its decision\n to the MAC, which will approve or deny the claim based on the\n model participant's decision. If the MAC denies the claim,\n the denial would be subject to the existing appeals process.\n The Notice states that the WISeR Model does ``not change\n any medical necessity or documentation requirements'' and\n ``will require the same information and clinical\n documentation that is already required to support Medicare .\n . . payment but earlier in the process, namely, prior to the\n service being furnished.'' The Notice further states that the\n WISeR Model ``will not change payment or coverage for the\n selected services.''\n Regarding the model participants themselves, the Notice\n states that CMS will implement two three-year agreement\n periods with participants, which will be companies that have\n experience using technology-enhanced prior authorization with\n other payers, including Part C Medicare Advantage plans. The\n participants will be paid under a ``novel payment approach,''\n where they will be compensated based on a share of averted\n expenses from reducing unnecessary or non-covered services in\n lieu of the traditional acquisition-based approach.\n The Notice states that the WISeR Model is being implemented\n under section 1115A of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C.\n Sec. 1315a, which, according to the Notice, ``authorizes the\n [HHS] Secretary to test innovative payment and service\n delivery models to reduce program expenditures, while\n preserving or enhancing the quality of care furnished to\n Medicare, Medicaid, and Children's Health Insurance Program\n beneficiaries'' and allows the Secretary to waive certain\n statutory requirements as may be necessary to test the\n models. The Notice states that pursuant to this authority,\n the agency is waiving specific statutory and regulatory\n provisions that could be construed as limiting its ability to\n conduct prior authorization or that could be construed to\n restrict what entity performs such prior authorization.\n Congressional Review Act (CRA)\n CRA, enacted in 1996 to strengthen congressional oversight\n of agency rulemaking, requires federal agencies to submit a\n report on each new rule to both houses of Congress and the\n Comptroller General for review before the rule can take\n effect. The report must contain a copy of the rule, ``a\n concise general statement relating to the rule,'' and the\n rule's proposed effective date. CRA allows Congress to review\n and disapprove rules issued by federal agencies for a period\n of 60 days using special procedures. If a resolution of\n disapproval is enacted, then the new rule has no force or\n effect.\n CRA adopts the definition of a rule under the\n Administrative Procedure Act (APA), which states that a rule\n is ``the whole or a part of an agency statement of general or\n particular applicability and future effect designed to\n implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or\n describing the organization, procedure, or practice\n requirements of an agency.'' However, CRA excludes three\n categories of APA rules from coverage: (1) rules of\n particular applicability; (2) rules relating to agency\n management or personnel; and (3) rules of agency\n organization, procedure, or practice that do not\n substantially affect the rights or obligations of non-agency\n parties.\n HHS did not submit a CRA report to Congress or the\n Comptroller General on the WISeR Model Notice. In its\n response to us, HHS stated that, in its view, the WISeR Model\n Notice is a guidance document and the CRA does not apply to\n guidance documents.\n\n DISCUSSION\n\n At issue here is whether the WISeR Model Notice meets CRA's\n definition of a rule, which adopts APA's definition of a rule\n with three exceptions. As explained below, we conclude that\n the Notice meets the APA definition, and no exceptions apply.\n Therefore, the Notice is a rule subject to CRA's submission\n requirements.\n The WISeR Model Notice is a Rule under APA\n Applying APA's definition of a rule, the WISeR Model Notice\n meets all of the required elements. First, the Notice is an\n agency statement as it is an official document approved by\n the CMS Administrator and published by CMS in the Federal\n Register. Second, the WISeR Model Notice is of future effect.\n An agency action of future effect is one ``concerned with\n policy considerations for the future rather than the\n evaluation of past or present conduct.'' The Notice was\n published on July 1, 2025, and announced the future\n implementation of the WISeR Model beginning on January 1,\n 2026.\n Finally, the WISeR Model Notice implements and prescribes\n law or policy and describes agency procedure and practice\n requirements. An agency statement implements, interprets, or\n prescribes law or policy when the action creates new\n regulations, changes regulatory requirements or official\n policy, or alters how the agency will exercise its\n discretion, among other things. The WISeR Model Notice\n prescribes and implements new requirements for Original\n Medicare providers in selected states by mandating prior\n authorization or pre-payment medical review of claims for\n certain services. The Notice also prescribes and implements a\n new policy of having such claims reviewed by model\n participants--companies using enhanced technology, like AI or\n machine learning--and prescribes a new payment approach for\n those participants based on averted Medicare expenditures. In\n addition, the Notice implements section 1115A of the Social\n Security Act by establishing the WISeR Model pursuant to that\n section and using its authority to waive certain statutory\n and regulatory provisions.\n An agency statement describes agency organization,\n procedure, or practice requirements when the statement\n discusses the internal operations of an agency, including\n statements that govern the conduct of agency proceedings. The\n WISeR Model Notice describes new procedures for the\n submission and processing of Original Medicare claims for\n certain services in selected states. In addition, the Notice\n outlines the method by which companies participating in the\n model will be compensated by CMS. Therefore, the Notice also\n describes agency organization, procedure, or practice\n requirements.\n Having satisfied all the required elements, the WISeR Model\n Notice meets the APA definition of a rule.\n HHS stated in its response that it did not submit the WISeR\n Model Notice because it is a guidance document and CRA does\n not apply to guidance documents. We have addressed in\n previous decisions HHS's position that guidance documents are\n not rules under CRA and rejected that interpretation. For\n example, we previously examined an HHS Information Memorandum\n informing states that HHS would use its statutory authority\n to waive certain requirements of the Temporary Assistance for\n Needy Families (TANF) program to allow states to test various\n strategies, policies, and procedures designed to improve\n employment outcomes for needy families. The Information\n Memorandum also set forth requirements that had to be met for\n a waiver request to be considered by HHS. HHS stated that the\n Information Memorandum was a non-binding guidance document\n and that guidance documents do not need to be submitted as\n rules under CRA. We rejected this position, noting that the\n APA definition of a rule ``is expansive and specifically\n includes documents that implement or interpret law or\n policy.'' We also cited previous GAO decisions in which we\n concluded that ``agency guidance, including guidance\n characterized as non-binding, constitutes a rule under the\n CRA.'' Finally, we pointed to relevant CRA legislative\n history listing guidance documents as an example of APA\n rules.\n Like the Information Memorandum at issue in B-323772, Sept.\n 4, 2012, the WISeR Model Notice implements a new policy and\n prescribes new procedures for non-agency parties.\n As discussed above, the Notice satisfies all the elements\n of the APA rule definition and is a rule under APA,\n regardless of whether it is a guidance document.\n CRA Exceptions\n We must next determine whether any of CRA's three\n exceptions apply. CRA provides for three types of rules that\n are not subject to its requirements: (1) rules of particular\n applicability; (2) rules relating to agency management or\n personnel; and (3) rules of agency organization, procedure,\n or practice that do not substantially affect the rights or\n obligations of non-agency parties.\n (1) Rule of Particular Applicability\n The WISeR Model Notice is not a rule of particular\n applicability. Such rules are addressed to specific,\n identified persons or entities and determine actions those\n persons or entities may or may not take, considering the\n facts and circumstances specific to those persons or\n entities. In determining whether a rule is one of general or\n particular applicability, we have noted that a rule need not\n apply to the population as a whole to be considered a rule of\n general applicability; rather, all that is required is that\n the rule has general applicability within its intended range,\n regardless of the magnitude of the range. In particular, we\n have determined that a rule is one of general applicability\n even if the rule is limited to a specific geographic area, so\n long as the rule does not apply to specific, identified\n persons or entities.\n Although the WISeR Model Notice announces the\n implementation of the model in six states, the Notice is not\n addressed to specific, identified persons or entities.\n Instead, the Notice applies to all providers of the specified\n services in those states, as well as the model participants.\n Therefore, the Notice is a rule of general applicability.\n (2) Rule of Agency Management or Personnel\n The WISeR Model Notice is not a rule of agency management\n or personnel. This exception applies to rules relating to\n ``purely internal agency matters.'' These include\n\n[[Page S2301]]\n\n rules related to controlling, directing, or supervising\n internal management issues, as well as rules related to\n personnel issues like pay, leave, or benefits. In contrast,\n we have determined that rules affecting agency proceedings\n with non-agency parties do not fall within this exception.\n For example, in B-337397, Aug. 27, 2025, we concluded that an\n HHS policy statement rescinding a prior policy generally\n requiring APA notice-and-comment procedures for certain rules\n did not fall within the exception because the policy\n statement changed public participation in certain HHS\n rulemakings and therefore did not relate primarily to agency\n management or personnel.\n The WISeR Model Notice involves neither internal management\n nor personnel issues. Instead, the Notice establishes new\n claims procedures for providers of the specified services in\n specific states. The Notice also establishes a new process by\n which such claims will be reviewed by model participants and\n prescribes a new payment approach for those participants.\n Therefore, the Notice does not meet this exception.\n (3) Rule of Agency Organization, Procedure, or Practice\n That Does Not Substantially Affect Non-Agency Parties\n The WISeR Model Notice is not a rule of agency\n organization, procedure, or practice that does not\n substantially affect the rights or obligations of non-agency\n parties.\n We have previously explained that this exception was\n modeled on the APA exception to notice-and-comment rulemaking\n requirements for ``rules of agency organization, procedure,\n or practice,'' which some courts have limited to rules that\n do not have a substantial impact on non-agency parties. The\n purpose of the APA exception is ``to ensure that agencies\n retain latitude in organizing their internal operations.''\n Following this interpretation in the CRA context, we have\n only applied CRA's third exception to rules that primarily\n focus on an agency's internal operations.\n Rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice\n include rules addressing the submission of information to an\n agency by non-agency parties, rules that affect how the\n agency reviews that information, and rules that affect the\n type or timing of actions the agency will take based on that\n submission. The WISeR Model Notice qualifies as a rule of\n agency organization, procedure, or practice because it\n establishes new procedures for submitting and processing\n Medicare claims for certain services in specific states.\n However, the Notice substantially affects the rights or\n obligations of non-agency parties. Rules that satisfy this\n exception do not alter the rights or interests of non-agency\n parties, though they may alter the manner in which parties\n present themselves or their viewpoints to the agency.\n In particular, we have determined that rules that could\n affect the outcome of an agency proceeding substantially\n affect non-agency parties and do not fall within the\n exception. This includes changes to important procedural\n rights that could affect the outcome, even if they do not\n alter the substantive criteria used by the agency to make a\n decision. For example, we reviewed an HHS Policy Statement\n that rescinded a previous policy of generally requiring the\n use of APA notice-and-comment procedures for otherwise exempt\n rules relating to public property, loans, grants, benefits,\n or contracts. We noted that the Policy Statement eliminated\n the public's right to notice and an opportunity to submit\n information that could affect HHS's rulemaking decisions.\n Accordingly, we concluded that the Policy Statement\n substantially affected the rights of non-agency parties.\n Further, in B-281575, Jan. 20, 1999, we reviewed\n Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) interim guidance for\n investigating discrimination complaints related to EPA\n permits. The guidance, in part, significantly departed from\n existing EPA procedures by requiring EPA to make an initial\n finding as to whether there were discriminatory effects\n associated with the relevant permit, and, if so, to notify\n the permit recipient and complainant and afford the recipient\n an opportunity to rebut EPA's finding, propose a plan to\n mitigate the disparate impact, or seek to demonstrate that\n there was a legitimate interest that justified the decision\n to proceed notwithstanding the discriminatory effect. We\n concluded that by providing for an initial finding of\n discriminatory effects and allowing permit recipients to\n provide input at that stage--including justifications for the\n discriminatory effects--the guidance gave permit ``recipients\n significant rights that they did not previously possess for\n obtaining dismissal of [a] complaint,'' and thereby affected\n the rights and duties of recipients, complainants, and the\n affected population.\n Similarly, courts have determined that a change in decision\n maker substantially affects the rights and interests of non-\n agency parties. For example, in National Association of Home\n Health Agencies v. Schweiker, the U.S. Court of Appeals for\n the D.C. Circuit examined the HHS Secretary's administrative\n instruction regarding Medicare reimbursement for certain home\n health agencies. Prior to the instruction, those home health\n agencies had the option of submitting claims for Medicare\n reimbursement directly to the Secretary or to an intermediary\n contracted by HHS. The administrative instruction directed\n the relevant home health agencies to begin using\n intermediaries for all Medicare reimbursement determinations\n and payments, eliminating the option of seeking reimbursement\n from the Secretary. The court determined that the instruction\n substantially affected the rights and interests of the\n affected home health agencies because it eliminated their\n right to deal directly with the Secretary. In a more recent\n opinion, the D.C. Circuit emphasized that ``[t]he crucial\n element of Home Health Agencies is . . . which staffers have\n decision[-]making authority.''\n Similar to the administrative instruction at issue in Home\n Health Agencies, the WISeR Model Notice effectively transfers\n decision-making authority for certain Medicare reimbursement\n claims, in this case from the MACs to the model participants.\n Although the MACs will continue to approve or deny claims,\n they are bound by the determinations of the model\n participants for claims related to the specified services.\n With respect to claims that are submitted for prior\n authorization, those that are provisionally affirmed by the\n model participant ``will be paid in full, so long as all of\n the applicable Medicare coverage and clinical documentation\n are met, and the claim was billed and submitted correctly.''\n In contrast, if the model participant does not affirm the\n prior authorization request, ``the MAC will deny the\n [subsequent] claim.'' For claims not submitted for prior\n authorization, the model participant will perform a pre-\n payment medical review and communicate its decision to the\n MAC, and ``[t]he MAC will then process the claim in\n accordance with the model participant's decision.''\n Not only does the WISeR Model Notice effectively transfer\n decision-making authority over certain claims from the MACs\n to the model participants, that change could potentially\n affect whether claims are approved or denied given the\n participants' novel approach to reviewing claims and their\n compensation structure. Specifically, the model participants\n will use advanced technologies, like AI and machine learning,\n to determine whether the relevant services are medically\n necessary and providers should be reimbursed. In addition,\n the participants will be compensated based on their ability\n to reduce payments for unnecessary or non-covered services;\n in other words, model payments will be ``calculated from\n requests that did not result in a paid claim.'' This differs\n from the payment structure for MACs, which are paid based on\n the costs of reviewing claims.\n Several medical organizations raised concerns to CMS that\n the WISeR Model's use of advanced technologies to review\n claims and the model participant compensation structure could\n result in inappropriate denials. For example, the American\n Medical Association (AMA) stated that ``AI and other\n automated tools raise significant risks if not governed\n properly'' and ``[o]utdated, incomplete, or biased training\n data can lead to false positives, inappropriate denials, or\n unfair patterns of flagging services for certain patient\n populations.'' With respect to the compensation structure,\n AMA stated that ``[w]hen third-party entities are paid based\n on the volume of denied services, there is a clear risk that\n care that is medically necessary for certain patients will be\n inappropriately denied in pursuit of savings.'' AMA therefore\n included a number of recommendations to mitigate these\n concerns.\n Part of the purpose of the WISeR Model is to test ``the\n speed and accuracy of new technology-assisted decision-\n making,'' and it is unclear what the ultimate effects of the\n model will be on coverage determinations in practice. In\n addition, we note that CMS has included measures to reduce\n inaccuracy, such as requiring that final non-affirmation\n decisions be made by licensed clinicians. However, because\n the purpose of our CRA determinations is to identify whether\n an action is a rule and should have been submitted to\n Congress before it took effect, we must assess the potential\n effects of the rule before they occur, not at some later time\n when those effects become known.\n In this case, the WISeR Model Notice transfers decision-\n making authority over certain Medicare claims to different\n entities that will use new technology-assisted processes to\n evaluate claims and will be compensated based on reducing\n Medicare expenditures. Given the nature of these changes and\n because they could potentially affect the determinations made\n on claims for the selected services, we conclude that the\n Notice substantially affects the rights and obligations of\n non-agency parties, specifically providers and beneficiaries\n of the selected services in the six states covered by the\n model.\n HHS states in its response that its voluntary models do not\n alter or affect the rights of any party under any statute\n absent a voluntary decision to participate in the model and\n that the WISeR Model does not change substantive Medicare\n eligibility, coding, coverage, or payment requirements.\n However, despite HHS's characterization and the fact that a\n third-party's participation as a model participant may be\n voluntary, provider participation in the WISeR Model is\n largely involuntary. Providers in the six states must use the\n model procedures for claims related to the selected services,\n including having those claims adjudicated by a model\n participant. The only choice such providers appear to have is\n the option to submit a prior authorization request for the\n service--not required previously--or to have their claim\n subject to pre-payment medical review by a model\n participant--a process previously applied to only a small\n number of claims. And as discussed above, the changes to the\n claims procedures--including the transfer of decision-making\n authority to the model participants, the processes they will\n\n[[Page S2302]]\n\n use to evaluate claims, and their compensation structure--\n could potentially affect the outcome of claims decisions,\n notwithstanding that the WISeR Model Notice does not purport\n to change substantive Medicare eligibility, coding, coverage,\n or payment requirements. Accordingly, we conclude that the\n Notice substantially affects the rights and obligations of\n non-agency parties and does not fall within the third CRA\n exception.\n\n CONCLUSION\n\n The WISeR Model Notice is a rule for purposes of CRA\n because it meets the definition of a rule under APA and no\n CRA exception applies. Therefore, the Notice is subject to\n CRA's requirement that it be submitted to Congress and the\n Comptroller General before it can take effect.\n Edda Emmanuelli Perez,\n General Counsel.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2298", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "LEGISLATIVE SESSION", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SLEGISLATIVE", "S2298", "S2298", "[{\"name\": \"Kevin Cramer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2298", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2298]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n LEGISLATIVE SESSION\n\n ______\n\n MORNING BUSINESS\n\n Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate\nproceed to legislative session and be in a period of morning business,\nwith Senators permitted to speak therein for up to 10 minutes each.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2298-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "FISCAL YEAR 2026 ENFORCEMENT FILING", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2298", "S2299", "[{\"name\": \"Lindsey Graham\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SCONRES\", \"number\": \"14\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SCONRES\", \"number\": \"33\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SCONRES\", \"number\": \"33\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HCONRES\", \"number\": \"71\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HCONRES\", \"number\": \"71\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2298", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2298-S2299]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n FISCAL YEAR 2026 ENFORCEMENT FILING\n\n Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, S. Con. Res. 33, the fiscal year 2026\ncongressional budget resolution, included a provision authorizing the\nchairman of the Senate Committee on the Budget to file enforceable\nlevels in the Senate in the event the budget was agreed to without the\nneed to appoint a committee of conference on the measure. The Senate\nadopted S. Con. Res. 33 on April 23, 2026, and the House agreed to the\nresolution without changes on April 29. As such, I am submitting the\nrequired filing.\n Specifically, section 4101(b) of the fiscal year 2026 congressional\nbudget resolution requires the chairman to file an allocation for\nfiscal year 2026 for the Committee on Appropriations and an allocation\nfor fiscal years 2026, 2026-2030, and 2026-2035 for committees other\nthan the Committee on Appropriations.\n Section 2002 of the fiscal year 2026 budget resolution included\nreconciliation instructions to the Committee on Homeland Security and\nGovernmental Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary. Each committee\nwas instructed to increase deficits over the 2026 to 2035 period by not\nmore than $70 billion. Pursuant to section 3001(b) of the resolution, I\nam holding the corresponding amounts in reserve until the consideration\nof reconciliation legislation.\n For purposes of enforcing the Senate's pay-as-you-go rule found in\nsection 4106 of the fiscal year 2018 congressional budget resolution,\nH. Con. Res. 71, I am resetting the Senate's scorecard to zero for all\nfiscal years.\n I ask unanimous consent that the accompanying tables be printed in\nthe Record.\n There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in\nthe Record, as follows:\n\n ALLOCATION OF SPENDING AUTHORITY TO SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2026\n [$ in billions]\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Budget Authority Outlays\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nAppropriations:\n General Purpose Discretionary......................................... 1,671.860 1,893.636\nMemo:\n on-budget............................................................. 1,665.209 1,887.059\n off=budget............................................................ 6.651 6.577\n Mandatory............................................................. 1,803.869 1,780.213\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nNote: The allocation includes adjustments for certain program integrity and wildfire suppression funding\n pursuant to section 314(g) of the Congressional Budget Act and section 4004 of S. Con. Res. 14, the concurrent\n resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2022. It does not include amounts that have been designated as being\n for an emergency requirement or that have been exempted from budget enforcement by statute.\n\n ALLOCATION OF SPENDING AUTHORITY TO SENATE COMMITTEES OTHER THAN APPROPRIATIONS\n [$ in billions]\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n 2026 2026-2030 2026-2035\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nAgriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry\n Budget Authority................................... 197.531 1,015.091 2,086.259\n Outlays............................................ 178.379 918.246 1,861.845\nArmed Services\n Budget Authority................................... 309.167 1,061.345 2,152.495\n Outlays............................................ 339.097 1,185.515 2,280.031\nBanking, Housing and Urban Affairs\n Budget Authority................................... 26.176 82.079 274.869\n Outlays............................................ -19.359 -147.322 -194.126\nCommerce, Science, and Transportation\n Budget Authority................................... 28.301 110.564 204.019\n Outlays............................................ 27.073 134.043 220.987\nEnergy and Natural Resources\n Budget Authority................................... 9.300 47.528 102.757\n Outlays............................................ 13.832 73.107 133.282\nEnvironment and Public Works\n Budget Authority................................... 68.466 336.280 663.378\n Outlays............................................ 9.776 39.921 62.162\nFinance\n Budget Authority................................... 4,484.121 24,837.788 57,544.012\n Outlays............................................ 4,470.945 24,775.446 57,414.014\nForeign Relations\n Budget Authority................................... 59.209 297.397 593.120\n Outlays............................................ 53.850 282.656 578.328\nHomeland Security and Government Affairs\n Budget Authority................................... 192.793 1,008.416 2,126.793\n Outlays............................................ 194.041 1,013.008 2,108.178\nJudiciary\n Budget Authority................................... 24.267 143.758 278.128\n Outlays............................................ 35.702 249.858 416.919\nHealth, Education, Labor, and Pensions\n Budget Authority................................... 53.768 220.879 389.482\n Outlays............................................ 48.271 196.496 363.671\nRules and Administration\n Budget Authority................................... 0.055 0.287 0.606\n Outlays............................................ 0.121 0.479 0.806\nIntelligence\n Budget Authority................................... 0.514 2.570 3.084\n Outlays............................................ 0.514 2.570 3.084\nVeterans' Affairs\n Budget Authority................................... 303.305 1,719.352 3,880.041\n Outlays............................................ 300.593 1,709.999 3,863.615\nIndian Affairs\n Budget Authority................................... 2.418 11.577 23.451\n Outlays............................................ 2.610 12.559 24.194\nSmall Business\n Budget Authority................................... 0.000 0.000 0.000\n\n[[Page S2299]]\n\n Outlays............................................ 0.001 0.005 0.005\nUnassigned to Committee\n Budget Authority................................... -2,232.970 -12,417.589 -28,448.062\n Outlays............................................ -2,077.280 -12,266.015 -28,181.005\nTOTAL\n Budget Authority................................... 3,526.421 18,477.322 41,874.432\n Outlays............................................ 3,578.166 18,180.571 40,955.990\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nNote: Includes entitlements funded in annual appropriations acts. Certain budgetary changes related to\n reconciliation legislation will be held in reserve pursuant to section 3001 of S. Con. Res. 33 until the\n consideration of such legislation.\n\n BUDGET AGGREGATES\n [$ in billions]\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n 2026 2026-2030 2026-2035\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\nSpending:\n Budget Authority............. 5,191.630 N.A. N.A.\n Outlays...................... 5,465.225 N.A. N.A.\nRevenue: 4,242.825 23,139.567 51,341.472\nSocial Security Levels:\n Outlays...................... 1,509.338 8,584.084 19,834.933\n Revenue...................... 1,350.445 7,303.693 16,121.509\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\nNote: Aggregate figures here exclude spending designated as being for an\n emergency requirement or exempt from budget enforcement by statute.\n Budgetary changes related to reconciliation legislation will be held\n in reserve pursuant to section 3001 of S. Con. Res. 33 until the\n consideration of such legislation.\n\n PAY-AS-YOU-GO SCORECARD FOR THE SENATE\n [$ in billions]\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Balances\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFiscal Year 2026........................................... 0\nFiscal Years 2026-2030..................................... 0\nFiscal Years 2026-2035..................................... 0\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2297", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "EXECUTIVE CALENDAR", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SEXECCAL", "S2297", "S2297", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2297", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2297]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n EXECUTIVE CALENDAR\n\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Iowa."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2297-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Cloture Motion (Executive Calendar)", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SCLOTURE", "S2297", "S2298", "[{\"name\": \"Joni Ernst\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"John Barrasso\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Richard J. Durbin\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"690\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2297", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2297-S2298]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n Cloture Motion\n\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant to rule XXII, the Chair lays before\nthe Senate the pending cloture motion, which the clerk will state.\n The senior assistant executive clerk read as follows:\n\n Cloture Motion\n\n We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the\n provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate\n and the provisions of S. Res. 690 (119th Congress), do hereby\n move to bring to a close debate on Executive Calendar Nos.:\n 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 648, 649,\n 650, 652, 653, 654, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 675, 676, 677,\n 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690,\n 691, 692, 694, 695, 698, 699, 700, 701, 711, 712, 714, 715,\n 716 en bloc.\n John Thune, Tim Sheehy, John Barrasso, Mike Crapo, Ted\n Budd, James Lankford, Joni Ernst, David McCormick,\n Steve Daines, John Kennedy, Pete Ricketts, John Cornyn,\n Ashley Moody, Jon Husted, Roger Marshall, John Hoeven,\n Bill Hagerty.\n\n Ms. ERNST. Mr. President, I ask consent that the reading of the\nnumbers be waived.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n By unanimous consent, the mandatory quorum call under rule XXII has\nbeen waived.\n The question is, Is it the sense of the Senate that debate on the en\nbloc nominations, provided for under the provisions of S. Res. 690,\nshall be brought to a close?\n The yeas and nays are mandatory under the rule.\n The clerk will call the roll.\n The bill clerk called the roll.\n Mr. BARRASSO. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the\nSenator from Louisiana (Mr. Cassidy) and the Senator from Kansas (Mr.\nMoran).\n Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from Michigan (Ms. Slotkin)\nis necessarily absent.\n The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 51, nays 46, as follows:\n\n [Rollcall Vote No. 124 Ex.]\n\n YEAS--51\n\n Armstrong\n Banks\n Barrasso\n Blackburn\n Boozman\n Britt\n Budd\n Capito\n Collins\n Cornyn\n Cotton\n Cramer\n Crapo\n Cruz\n Curtis\n Daines\n Ernst\n Fischer\n Graham\n Grassley\n Hagerty\n Hawley\n Hoeven\n Husted\n Hyde-Smith\n Johnson\n Justice\n Kennedy\n Lankford\n Lee\n Lummis\n Marshall\n McConnell\n McCormick\n Moody\n Moreno\n Murkowski\n Paul\n Ricketts\n Risch\n Rounds\n Schmitt\n Scott (FL)\n Scott (SC)\n Sheehy\n Sullivan\n Thune\n Tillis\n Tuberville\n Wicker\n Young\n\n NAYS--46\n\n Alsobrooks\n Baldwin\n Bennet\n Blumenthal\n Blunt Rochester\n Booker\n Cantwell\n Coons\n Cortez Masto\n\n[[Page S2298]]\n\n Duckworth\n Durbin\n Fetterman\n Gallego\n Gillibrand\n Hassan\n Heinrich\n Hickenlooper\n Hirono\n Kaine\n Kelly\n Kim\n King\n Klobuchar\n Lujan\n Markey\n Merkley\n Murphy\n Murray\n Ossoff\n Padilla\n Peters\n Reed\n Rosen\n Sanders\n Schatz\n Schiff\n Schumer\n Shaheen\n Smith\n Van Hollen\n Warner\n Warnock\n Warren\n Welch\n Whitehouse\n Wyden\n\n NOT VOTING--3\n\n Cassidy\n Moran\n Slotkin\n The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Moreno). On this vote, the yeas are 51,\nthe nays are 46.\n The motion is agreed to.\n The motion was agreed to.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Cloture having been invoked pursuant to the\nprovisions of S. Res. 690, the nominations listed therein are pending\nen bloc.\n The Senator from North Dakota.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2297-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "E15 (Executive Calendar)", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SEXECCAL", "S2297", "S2297", "[{\"name\": \"Joni Ernst\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2297", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2297]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n E15\n\n Ms. ERNST. Mr. President, folks, we all know energy security is\nnational security. Right now, what is left of the brutal Iranian regime\nis holding the world hostage and targeting the flow of oil through the\nStrait of Hormuz. That is unacceptable.\n Instead of Americans paying more at the expense of Iranian\nterrorists, we should be using every tool at our disposal to ensure\nprice stability--especially at the gas pump. That is why I have been a\nlongtime champion of unleashing domestic energy, including higher\nblends of homegrown ethanol, and giving retailers the choice of\noffering a lower cost, American-made fuel solution.\n Last night, the House, through the leadership of the entire Iowa\ndelegation, passed commonsense legislation to unleash year-round E15,\nwhich will lower prices at the gas station and at the same time provide\nnew markets for Iowa farmers.\n Folks, I have heard it over and over again: This is a mandate.\n This is not a mandate. E15 simply gives consumers yet another, more\naffordable choice at the pump. It is about choice. Again, it is not a\nmandate; it is just another choice at the pump.\n We have seen it work. Thanks to President Trump's approval of\nsummertime sales of E15, this Memorial Day weekend, Americans are\nestimated to save $110 million just by using E15. That is real savings.\nAnd with the House's inclusion of my provision to cut redtape, we can\ncompletely avoid costly fuel infrastructure upgrades and unlock E15 at\nevery gas station or truckstop across the country.\n Congress should be using all the tools at our disposal to give every\nfamily the chance to take part in those savings, deliver certainty and\nstability for consumers, and drive down prices for Americans from coast\nto coast.\n It is no surprise President Trump has long supported this ``America\nFirst'' policy that improves affordability and keeps our energy supply\nsecure. Even dating back to 2016, President Trump championed the option\nfor consumers to have access to E15, and earlier this year, in Iowa, he\ncalled for Congress to pass E15 legislation and deliver it to his desk\nso he could sign it without delay.\n Mr. President, we are on it.\n The House got it done last night, and now it is the Senate's turn.\n Let me emphasize for all who are listening that our large oil\ncompanies, those truly small oil refineries, our fuel retailers, our ag\nassociations, and the biofuel groups have all created and support this\nE15 agreement. That is from large oil companies all the way to the\nfarmers--they support the deal that was passed in the House. And I want\nto thank everyone that has come forward to support the House\nlegislation.\n There are a few folks out there that don't agree with this deal.\nThese are the so-called midsize refineries. Those midsize refiners are\nthe ones that are gaming the system and are falsely describing what the\nE15 deal will do.\n Again, large oil companies and those small oil companies--they agree\nwith our biofuel producers and support the E15 legislation.\n The midsize refiners that are trying to kill this year-round E15--and\nI will tell you, there are only six midsize refiners. Six. Those six\nmidsize fuel refiners that are trying to kill this bill made more--just\nsix of these refiners made more in 2026 so far, and will continue this\ntrend, than the 3.32 million family farms have made in 2026. Six. Six\nrefiners are making more than the 3.32 million American family farms.\nThose are the six refiners--just six--that are trying to kill this bill\nin the U.S. Senate.\n So, again, I want to say thank you so much to those large oil\ncompanies, the truly small oil refiners, our fuel retailers, our ag\nassociations, and our biofuel groups, and mostly to our American\nfarmers. I want to say thank you so much for coming together to create\nsensible legislation on E15 year-round that will help every American\nconsumer that is fueling at the pump have another choice--not a mandate\nbut a choice.\n And I will tell you what--because I use ethanol back home in Iowa,\nwhen I am fueling my vehicle--that when I pull up to the pump, the\nchoice I make is the cheaper alternative that supports our American\nfarmers, and that is E15. And I am proud to support it.\n I am encouraging all of our Members here in the U.S. Senate to\nsupport this really commonsense legislation that has come forward from\nthe House. Support our hard-working Americans. There should be\nabsolutely no more delay.\n I yield the floor.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Iowa.\n Ms. ERNST. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the previously\nscheduled rollcall vote begin immediately."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2296", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RECOGNIZING AND HONORING MERIWETHER LEWIS AND WILLIAM CLARK, AND THE CORPS OF DISCOVERY, FOR THEIR EXPEDITION TO EXPLORE THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "RECOGNIZING", "S2296", "S2297", "[{\"name\": \"Eric Schmitt\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"729\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"729\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2296", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2296-S2297]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n RECOGNIZING AND HONORING MERIWETHER LEWIS AND WILLIAM CLARK, AND THE\n CORPS OF DISCOVERY, FOR THEIR EXPEDITION TO EXPLORE THE LOUISIANA\n PURCHASE\n\n Mr. SCHMITT. Mr. President, I rise today because America needs to\nremember that our Nation was not built by men who asked permission from\nhistory. It was built by men who looked into the unknown and saw more\nthan danger. They saw destiny.\n Mr. President, 222 years ago today, on May 14, 1804, Meriwether\nLewis, William Clark, and the Corps of Discovery departed from the St.\nLouis area and began one of the most consequential journeys in the\nhistory of our Republic.\n But before they ever set foot in that wilderness, our Nation made its\nboldest wager yet. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size\nof the United States with the Louisiana Purchase. He bought a continent\non paper, sight unseen, believing that the future belonged to a people\nwilling to bet on themselves, endure hardship, and build something\ngreater than themselves.\n America 250 cannot become a yearlong exercise in nostalgia. It must\nbe a national summons to remember what we inherited, to recover the\ncourage that built it, and to rededicate ourselves to it.\n Jefferson understood something too many in this city have forgotten.\nNations are not forged by committees of caution. They are forged by men\nwith enough faith to act before every risk has been removed. Jefferson\ngave that honor to a small band of men who turned their restless,\nadventurous, and fearless American spirit into something that could be\npassed down for centuries. These were not soft men. They were not\nmanaged men. They were men born close enough to the Revolution to\nunderstand that freedom is not a theory. It is something fought for,\ndefended, and carried forward across generations.\n But on the banks of the Missouri that day, there was no great\nspectacle, no crowds, no fanfare, and no guarantees. From the first\nsettlements in Jamestown to the edge of the frontier in Missouri, every\ngeneration of Americans has carried a simple promise forward: that this\nNation, this Republic, would belong to her people.\n Meriwether Lewis and William Clark came from those first families of\nVirginia in Jamestown. They were raised in the shadow of the American\nRevolutionary War. They were descended from those who bled for this\nbudding Nation. Their kith and their kin had already fought to carve a\nnation out of the wilderness--an empire. They inherited not just land\nbut virtue, discipline, leadership, and a willingness to stake\neverything on uncertain ground. Every mile they gained was earned--\nthrough hunger, through bitter cold.\n Lewis and Clark faced rivers that threatened to sweep them away. They\nencountered Tribes whose intentions they could not know. They came face\nto face with grizzly bears, unlike anything Americans had seen before,\nand still they pressed forward--not because the path was easy but\nbecause their mission demanded it. That is what courage looks like--not\none dramatic act but a habit formed mile by mile, hardship by hardship,\nby a people proving themselves worthy of the inheritance that they have\nreceived.\n That first summer, as they passed what would one day become Jefferson\nCity and, later, near present-day Kansas City, they passed on the\nFourth of July and paused. Hundreds of miles from civilization,\nsurrounded by uncertainty, they celebrated the birth of this great\nRepublic. They fired their rifles into the sky. They shared an extra\nration of whiskey. And they toasted a nation that existed in that\nmoment more in their hearts than in the world around them.\n Think about that. In the middle of an unknown wilderness, they\ncelebrated freedom. That is America--not comfort first, not fear first.\nAmerica is men in the wilderness raising a toast to liberty because\nthey knew the Republic was real even when civilization was far away.\n And the expedition continued. The challenges only grew. Winter came\nhard and unforgiving. The mountains rose before them. The land itself\nseemed to push back against every step westward. Avalanches, freezing\nwinds, starvation, exhaustion--staring fate directly in the eye in the\nhigh passes of the Rocky Mountains, the Corps of Discovery learned\nsomething that has defined the American story ever since: that progress\nis not given; it is earned--that destiny is not inherited whole; it\nmust be claimed through sacrifice, endurance, and through faith.\n And so they climbed, they crossed, they endured until, in November of\n1805, after more than a year of hardship, on the other side of the\nContinental Divide, William Clark wrote three simple words: ``Ocean in\nview.'' In those three words was the answer to every frozen mile, every\ndoubt, every hardship endured along the way. The unknown had given way\nto proof. The continent was not a barrier. It was, in fact, a bridge.\n What had been uncertain before became the foundation of a nation\nstretching sea to shining sea. And from that journey flowed the America\nthat we know today: the river cities of the Midwest and, of course, my\nhometown of St. Louis, that later was christened the ``Gateway to the\nWest,'' and the beautiful and majestic Gateway Arch that now\ncommemorates that heritage; the industries, the railroads, the\nsettlements, and the towns that would rise across the continent. And\nthe mighty Mississippi became the first economic superhighway.\n Lewis and Clark did not build all of that with their own hands, but\nthey made it possible. And that path began in my State of Missouri.\n We often speak in this Chamber about budgets and programs and\nlegislation, but beneath all of that lies a much deeper question: Who\nare we? Are we still the kind of people who build, who explore, who\ndare, who believe enough in ourselves to shape the future?\n Or have we become a nation content to manage decline, a people more\ncomfortable explaining why greatness isn't possible rather than\nsummoning the courage to pursue it?\n Lewis and Clark did not cross a continent so that their descendants\nwould learn to live small. America was founded on a bold declaration\nand revolutionary ideas, but not just ideas; it is a nation; it is a\npeople; it is an inheritance purchased by the sacrifice of generations\nwho refused to accept the limits placed before them and entrusted to\nthem to carry forward.\n From the pioneers who crossed the frontier to the workers who built\nour industries to the innovators who reshaped the modern world, this\ncountry has always been defined by people who honor the past by\nbuilding something worthy of it.\n They did not worship ashes, but instead, preserved fire. That is the\nlegacy of Lewis and Clark; not merely that they explored a continent,\nbut that they revealed the character of the people capable of building\na civilization upon it, a people who moved forward, a people who\nendure, a people who built.\n As America approaches 250 years of independence, that spirit is being\ncalled upon once again, the spirit of `76, the spirit of discovery,\nobtaining a continent, the spirit of St. Louis, the American spirit.\n Take the inheritance, carry the flag, and build the future. We face\ndifferent challenges today, sure, but the test is the same. Do we have\nthe courage to still act, the discipline to endure, the confidence to\nshape our own destiny, or will we allow the flame carried across this\ncontinent through hardship and danger to flicker and to fade?\n I do not believe the American people have forgotten who they are. I\nbelieve that spirit still burns. And like Lewis and Clark before us, it\nis now our responsibility to carry it forward faithfully, courageously,\nand without apology, not for ourselves alone but for the generations\nyet to come so that when they look back on us, they will see a\ngeneration that merely didn't just curate the future ruins of a great\nnation; they will see a generation that remembered who we were, a\ngeneration that took up the trail, a generation that carried the flag,\na generation that kept the flame alive, and a generation who handed\nthis Republic on stronger, freer, and more faithful to its inheritance\nthan we received.\n Mr. President, as if in legislative session, I ask unanimous consent\nthat the Senate proceed to the consideration of S. Res. 729, which was\nsubmitted earlier today.\n\n[[Page S2297]]\n\n The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Hagerty). The clerk will report the\nresolution by title.\n The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:\n\n A resolution (S. Res. 729) recognizing and honoring\n Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, and the Corps of\n Discovery, for their expedition to explore the Louisiana\n Purchase.\n\n There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the\nresolution.\n Mr. SCHMITT. I ask unanimous consent that the resolution be agreed\nto, the preamble be agreed to, and that the motions to reconsider be\nconsidered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or\ndebate.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n The resolution (S. Res. 729) was agreed to.\n The preamble was agreed to.\n (The resolutions, with its preamble, is printed in today's Record\nunder ``Submitted Resolutions.'')\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2295", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "LEGISLATIVE SESSION", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SLEGISLATIVE", "S2295", "S2295", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"526\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2295", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2295]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n LEGISLATIVE SESSION\n\n ______\n\n WITHHOLDING THE PAY OF SENATORS IF A GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN OCCURS\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate\nproceed to the consideration of Calendar No. 296, S. Res. 526.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the resolution by title.\n The bill clerk read as follows:\n\n A resolution (S. Res. 526) withholding the pay of Senators\n if a Government shutdown occurs.\n\n There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the\nresolution, which had been reported from the Committee on Rules and\nAdministration.\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I know of no further debate on the\nresolution.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there further debate?\n If there is no further debate, the question is on adoption of the\nresolution.\n The resolution (S. Res. 526) was agreed to.\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the motion to\nreconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no\nintervening action or debate.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n (The resolution is printed in the Record of December 3, 2025, under\n``Submitted Resolutions.'')\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2295-7", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Waiving Quorum Call (Executive Session)", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SEXECSESSION", "S2295", "S2296", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Eric Schmitt\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"690\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"690\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2295", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2295-S2296]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n Waiving Quorum Call\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to waive the\nmandatory quorum call with respect to the cloture motion on the\nnominations en bloc pursuant to S. Res. 690.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.\n The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.\n Mr. SCHMITT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order\nfor the quorum call be rescinded.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n\n[[Page S2296]]\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2295-6", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Cloture Motion (Executive Session)", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SCLOTURE", "S2295", "S2295", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2295", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2295]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n Cloture Motion\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I send a cloture motion to the desk.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cloture motion having been presented under\nrule XXII, the Chair directs the clerk to read the motion.\n The bill clerk read as follows:\n\n Cloture Motion\n\n We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the\n provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate,\n do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination\n of Executive Calendar No. 737, Evan Rikhye, of the Virgin\n Islands, to be Judge for the District Court of the Virgin\n Islands for a term of ten years.\n John Thune, Ted Budd, Thom Tillis, John Barrasso, Tim\n Sheehy, Joni Ernst, Jon A. Husted, Katie Boyd Britt,\n David McCormick, Mike Rounds, John Boozman, Bill\n Cassidy, Rick Scott of Florida, Josh Hawley, Cynthia M.\n Lummis, Kevin Cramer, Steve Daines."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2295-5", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "EXECUTIVE CALENDAR (Executive Session)", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SEXECCAL", "S2295", "S2295", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2295", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2295]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n EXECUTIVE CALENDAR\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I move to proceed to executive session to\nconsider Calendar No. 737.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion.\n The motion was agreed to.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the nomination.\n The bill clerk read the nomination of Evan Rikhye, of the Virgin\nIslands, to be Judge for the District Court of the Virgin Islands for a\nterm of ten years."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2295-4", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "LEGISLATIVE SESSION", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SLEGISLATIVE", "S2295", "S2295", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2295", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2295]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n LEGISLATIVE SESSION\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I move to proceed to legislative session.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion.\n The motion was agreed to.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2295-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Cloture Motion (Executive Session)", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SCLOTURE", "S2295", "S2295", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2295", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2295]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n Cloture Motion\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I send a cloture motion to the desk.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cloture motion having been presented under\nrule XXII, the Chair directs the clerk to read the motion.\n The bill clerk read as follows:\n\n Cloture Motion\n\n We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the\n provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate,\n do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination\n of Executive Calendar No. 735, Sheria Akins Clarke, of South\n Carolina, to be United States District Judge for the District\n of South Carolina.\n John Thune, Ted Budd, Thom Tillis, John Barrasso, Tim\n Sheehy, Joni Ernst, Jon A. Husted, Katie Boyd Britt,\n David McCormick, Mike Rounds, John Boozman, Bill\n Cassidy, Rick Scott of Florida, Josh Hawley, Cynthia M.\n Lummis, Kevin Cramer, Steve Daines.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2295-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "EXECUTIVE CALENDAR (Executive Session)", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SEXECCAL", "S2295", "S2295", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2295", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2295]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n EXECUTIVE CALENDAR\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I move to proceed to executive session to\nconsider Calendar No. 735.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion.\n The motion was agreed to.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the nomination.\n The bill clerk read the nomination of Sheria Akins Clarke, of South\nCarolina, to be United States District Judge for the District of South\nCarolina."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2294", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SAFEGUARDING THE OVERALL PROTECTION OF MINORS ACT", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2294", "S2294", "[{\"name\": \"Roger Marshall\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"John Kennedy\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"526\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"SRES\", \"number\": \"526\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2294", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2294]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SAFEGUARDING THE OVERALL PROTECTION OF MINORS ACT\n\n Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. President, I would like to rise and talk about the\nSTOP Act, Safeguarding The Overall Protection of Minors--Safeguarding\nthe Overall Protection of Minors, the STOP Act.\n Now, I wish we didn't have to introduce this bill. You know, as I\npointed out earlier, I got to deliver over 5,000 babies. I just took\ncare of countless adolescent girls, young women as well. So this is a\ngroup of patients that I think I understand pretty well and the\nchallenges in their lives. And I certainly understand what irreversible\nmedical interventions do when applied too early, without the maturity\nfor this young lady to understand the consequences. In many cases, the\nparents don't understand the consequences, and in other cases, the\nparents may not even know this is going on.\n Now, across this country, minors are being placed on pathways toward\npuberty blockers. So it keeps a boy from becoming a man. It keeps a\ngirl from becoming a woman. And we will leave it that simple. There are\nmedications out there that delay puberty, and, by the way, they have\nsignificant consequences and complications as well.\n Others are given cross-sex hormones, and, again, these are\nirreversible. Once a woman starts growing a beard, even though she\nstops a hormone, chances are that beard is going to continue. If it has\ncaused her to have male baldness, that is probably likely to never\nreturn to normal as well.\n And, of course, these surgeries are irreversible. They are permanent.\nThey are painful. They cause chronic scar tissue and chronic pain, and,\nof course, it means they are infertile for the rest of their lives.\n Can you imagine letting a 13-, 14-year-old boy or girl decide that\nthey will never have children again?\n Well, so how big of a problem is this? Why are Republicans concerned\nabout it? Well, under extreme pressure, 14,000 minors--14,000 minors--\nhave been manipulated into undergoing life-altering sex-change\nprocedures that leave them, as I said earlier, maimed, sterilized, and\npsychologically damaged.\n And my heart pours out to these young men and women. I can't imagine\nthe challenges they go through. And we want to get them the help and\nthe support that they need as well. But these irreversible surgeries\nand medications are not the answer. Instead they are going to\ncomplicate the situation.\n Look, you know, this practice of transgender surgeries and\nmedications--it is not medicine; it is not caution. In fact, these\nactions are not medical care. They are child abuse.\n Think about it. Think about it. Who can argue with me that this isn't\nchild abuse? And, sadly, I think when the history books are written,\nhundreds of years from now, this may be the darkest chapter in the\nhistory of medicine.\n Our STOP Act--again, the Safeguarding The Overall Protection of\nMinors Act--simply restores a basic standard. Children should not\nundergo irreversible procedures they cannot fully comprehend and can't\nundo. It holds providers accountable and ensures there are real\nconsequences when that line is crossed.\n This is about giving children the time, the love, and the compassion\nthey deserve before decisions are made that last a lifetime.\n And if I could, I would like to give a big shoutout to those\norganizations that have bravely stepped forward to support us: the\nStudents for Life of America, the American Principles Project, and the\nReligious Liberty Commission. And I know there are others. So thank you\nfor that support. Thank you for caring about children and young adults.\n So we owe them that protection. We owe our youngsters, our young\nadults this protection. And I urge our colleagues to support our STOP\nAct.\n I yield the floor.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Louisiana.\n Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, please vote for my S. Res. 526.\n I also ask that the vote on S. Res. 526 begin immediately.\n I withdraw that motion, but I still want you to vote for my S. Res.\n526.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from California.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2294-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "AMENDING CHAPTERS 83 AND 84 OF TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE, TO AUTHORIZE AN INCREASE OF THE RETIREMENT AGE FOR MEMBERS OF THE CAPITOL POLICE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2294", "S2295", "[{\"name\": \"Alex Padilla\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4530\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"4530\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. S2294", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2294-S2295]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n AMENDING CHAPTERS 83 AND 84 OF TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE, TO\nAUTHORIZE AN INCREASE OF THE RETIREMENT AGE FOR MEMBERS OF THE CAPITOL\n POLICE\n\n Mr. PADILLA. Mr. President, colleagues, as you know, every year we\nrecognize--let the Record reflect even the U.S. Senate can experience\nsome technical difficulties. We are going to try this again.\n Colleagues, as you know, every year we are honored to recognize\nPolice Week with thousands of officers from across the United States\ndescending here on the Nation's Capital to honor those who have fallen\nin the line of duty.\n There are a number of events and ceremonies throughout the week, and\nthe Judiciary Committee in the Senate, among others, is proud to\nutilize this opportunity to advance policies, legislation, and\ninitiatives in support of women and men in uniform across the country.\n And I personally am honored to work closely with State and local law\nenforcement agencies in my home State of California to advance their\nefforts by strengthening partnerships with Federal support.\n Earlier today, we considered a slate of bills in the Senate Judiciary\nCommittee that would do just that by improving law enforcement and\nsupporting safer communities.\n I am proud to say a series of bills came out with overwhelming,\nmostly unanimous, bipartisan support. That is the Judiciary Committee.\n In the Senate Rules Committee, Chairman McConnell and I have the\nparticular special responsibility of overseeing the U.S. Capitol Police\nand ensuring that they don't just have the right policies in place to\ndo their jobs but advocating for the proper resources for Capitol\nPolice to do their very important and unique job, in not just\nprotecting the Capitol Complex and the campus and not just us as\nMembers of Congress and not just our staff but visitors to the Capitol\nand the Capitol as an icon of our democracy for current and future\ngenerations.\n It is a big job, and the women and men of the Capitol Police\ndepartment do their jobs well. After all, Congress is the first branch\nnoted in the Constitution.\n I am grateful for what they have achieved over the course of years,\ncertainly in recent years in the wake of January 6. But as big as their\njob is, they find themselves in need of reinforcement, and they are\nworking hard to address some staffing shortages. It is not just by the\nnumbers. Let me quote Chief Sullivan, Chief of Police for the Capitol\nPolice, who has shared in testimony recently:\n\n [W]e simply must continue increasing staffing levels.\n\n And he made the reasons for this quote very clear:\n\n [T]he implementation of additional security measures on the\n Capitol Complex combined with the need to surge resources to\n address the recent rise in [the] threats has overextended the\n Department's traditional staffing model.\n\n So the bigger picture, in the longer term, we need to do more to\nimprove recruitment and retention of Capitol Police officers.\n\n[[Page S2295]]\n\n But today, colleagues, I offer a modest step that we can take.\nCurrently, the Federal law enforcement retirement age is 57, but the\nCapitol Police Board can increase that up to 60 for officers who may\nwish to continue their service, to extend their service.\n We are talking about officers who have served for a long, long time\nand have a tremendous amount of institutional memory, experience, and\nexpertise. They offer immense value to the department.\n Senator McConnell and I have a bill to increase that retirement age\nof the Capitol Police Board to be able to extend the retirement age to\n62 instead of the current 60. It allows us to all benefit for a few\nmore years for those veteran officers, with their experience and\nexpertise, who desire to continue to serve. This is voluntary but an\nimportant element to what the Capitol Police does and needs.\n The House unanimously passed a bill just recently--a very similar\nbill--and after some bicameral and bipartisan discussion, I hope to see\nthis measure signed into law. The Capitol Police union, as well as the\ndepartment, support these steps, and I believe it deserves unanimous\nsupport from the Senate.\n Mr. President, that being said, I ask unanimous consent that the\nSenate proceed to the immediate consideration of S. 4530, which is at\nthe desk.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will report the bill by\ntitle.\n The senior assistant executive clerk read as follows:\n\n A bill (S. 4530) to amend chapters 83 and 84 of title 5,\n United States Code, to authorize an increase of the\n retirement age for members of the Capitol Police.\n\n There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the bill.\n Mr. PADILLA. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the bill be\nconsidered a third time and passed and that the motion to reconsider be\nconsidered made and laid upon the table.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so\nordered.\n The bill (S. 4530) was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading,\nwas read the third time, and passed as follows:\n\n S. 4530\n\n Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of\n the United States of America in Congress assembled,\n\n SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION TO INCREASE RETIREMENT AGE FOR\n MEMBER OF THE CAPITOL POLICE.\n\n (a) Civil Service Retirement System.--Section 8335(c) of\n title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking ``becomes\n 60 years of age'' and inserting ``attains an age determined\n by the Board, which shall be not less than 57 years of age\n and not more than 62 years of age''.\n (b) Federal Employees' Retirement System.--Section 8425(c)\n of title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking\n ``becomes 60 years of age'' and inserting ``attains an age\n determined by the Board, which shall be not less than 57\n years of age and not more than 62 years of age''.\n\n Mr. PADILLA. I yield the floor.\n The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Armstrong). The majority leader.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2293", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "NATIONAL POLICE WEEK", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2293", "S2293", "[{\"name\": \"Todd Young\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Roger Marshall\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2293", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2293]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n NATIONAL POLICE WEEK\n\n Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, most Hoosiers wake up every morning and\nthey see their children off to school or head to work without event,\nwithout an incident. They live in safety because a select few of their\nfellow citizens willingly forfeit their own safety.\n May 10 to 16 is National Police Week, and it is a useful reminder for\nall of us of what we owe our law enforcement, particularly our Indiana\nlaw enforcement officers, and what more we can do for them.\n You see, our police officers are the thin blue line between order and\nchaos. The men and women who wear the badge are our guardians of peace\nwho willingly stand in the way of all sorts of threats to their\ncommunities and to our interests.\n Whether our ears are being destroyed by public disorder, our cars\nbreak down, our homes are invaded, when trouble comes, our law\nenforcement officers are not far behind. Too often, we appreciate them\nonly when we need them, and that is why we have set aside this week to\nremember them, to honor them.\n Just as commonly, we overlook the grave danger they willingly face on\nour behalf. The hero's badge is a criminal's target. The National Law\nEnforcement Officers Memorial here in Washington, which carries the\nnames of 24,000 police officers killed in the line of duty, reminds us\nof this sobering reality.\n Every year, additional names are added to these rolls. Around 100\npolice officers die on the job annually, the majority as a result of\nviolent and other serious crimes.\n In 2024, 85,730--think of that number--85,730 police officers were\nassaulted in the line of duty. This is dangerous work. Many of these\nincidents were ambush attacks, when criminals target police officers\nunexpectedly.\n According to the National Fraternal Order of Police, such incidents\naccounted for nearly 30 percent of officer shootings last year. These\nterrible sacrifices are why since 1962 Americans have honored our law\nenforcement personnel during the second week of May.\n National Police Week is an occasion to renew our unwavering support\nfor law enforcement officers. It is an opportunity to recognize and\ngive thanks for their unseen acts of heroism, to honor and remember\nthose who have laid down their lives to protect others, and express our\nsolemn appreciation to the loved ones of officers who made the ultimate\nsacrifice.\n Let's remember the families. Let's remember the families of these\nbrave men and women and their sacrifices. And remembrance is important;\nso is gratitude. But these alone are not enough.\n Our police officers defend us, and we, in turn, can deter and punish\nthose who would do them harm. That is why in the Senate, I am\nsupporting the Protect and Serve Act. This legislation was introduced\nby my colleague Senator Tillis, and this bill would create a new\ncategory of crime for those who attack Federal, State, or local law\nenforcement officers.\n It would give Federal prosecutors more tools--more tools--to go after\nthose who deliberately target law enforcement officers by making it a\nFederal crime to knowingly cause or attempt to cause bodily injury to a\nlaw enforcement officer.\n And under the bill, offenders would be subject to imprisonment for up\nto 10 years, a stiff penalty for a serious crime. An offender under\nthis bill could receive a life sentence if a death results from the\noffense or the offense includes kidnapping, attempted kidnapping, or\nattempted murder.\n Yes, this legislation is tough, but we need to be tough. This\nlegislation aligns with common sense. We need to better protect those\nwho protect us, and Congress should move this bill this year.\n So whether they serve at the local, State, or Federal level, our law\nenforcement officers are the best and the bravest in our community.\nLaws mean little without men and women sworn to uphold them.\n So during National Police Week, let's reflect on how much we owe them\nand show our support for the men and women wearing the badge across\nIndiana and across America.\n I yield the floor.\n I suggest the absence of a quorum.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.\n The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.\n Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order\nfor the quorum call be rescinded.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so\nordered.\n The Senator from Kansas.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2293-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "MOMS.GOV", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2293", "S2294", "[{\"name\": \"Roger Marshall\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2293", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2293-S2294]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n MOMS.GOV\n\n Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. President, moms.gov, M-O-M-S.gov--moms.gov--I want\nto congratulate the White House on giving folks out there a one-stop\nshop. It is for folks that are expecting. It is for couples that are\npregnant. And it is especially, I think, for people that want to become\npregnant.\n It is to talk about what to expect when expecting, to talk about\nfolic acid and the importance of prenatal vitamins before you conceive.\nBut a very special area, of my concern, from the moms.gov is to talk\nabout infertility.\n My colleagues know that I had the honor, in rural Kansas, of\ndelivering a baby most every day for 25 years and had a pretty active\ninfertility clinic as well. In fact, 1 out of 10 couples are infertile.\nAnd though I enjoyed every baby I delivered, it was certainly a special\njoy to help couples through years of infertility and send them home\nwith a baby.\n So that is why I am so very proud to stand with this administration,\nwhich I believe is the most pro-family administration in our lifetime.\nAs I pointed out, the White House launched moms.gov, a one-stop\nresource for expecting and new mothers: pregnancy care, nutrition,\nfertility support, childcare--all in one place.\n You know, it is a simple idea with a big impact. I got on it\nyesterday just to see what resources were available and trying to hook\nup expecting moms or folks that are already pregnant with the local\neasiest clinic to access.\n But one of the things I was really excited to see on there was Trump\nRX. Trump RX is so important to the infertile couples because the\nbiggest barrier to infertility treatment, of course, are the very\nexpensive medications--couples spending thousands of dollars each month\non these medications, typically, to help them ovulate.\n Now, Trump RX has already helped 20,000 patients--nearly 20,000\npatients--and they have saved almost $15 million on these fertility\nmedications. A new employer fertility benefit will also reach an\nestimated 750,000 Americans a year. That is 20 percent of all births.\nSo hats off to the administration for Trump RX and helping us treat\ninfertility.\n\n[[Page S2294]]\n\n What else have they done? In the Rural Health Transformation Fund,\nthey have invested another $50 billion, and, again, with all\nRepublican--Republican-only--votes. That fund is available to help\nimprove many health issues, but, especially, there are opportunities to\nimprove maternal health in rural America, as well, just like the ones\nwhere I served and was the only OB for many, many years in the middle\nof some 50,000 patients.\n Of course, we just celebrated Mother's Day this past weekend, and I\ncan't help but emphasize that strong families are the foundation of\nAmerica and one of the pillars that this country is founded upon.\n So I would ask my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to join us\nand cosponsor our legislation expanding fertility coverage and to\ncontinue to support rural maternal health funding. And let's make sure\nhaving a family in America is never out of reach because of cost.\nHopeful moms and dads are counting on us. Now, let's get that done.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2292", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "SEXUAL VIOLENCE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2292", "S2293", "[{\"name\": \"Peter Welch\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2292", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2292-S2293]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n SEXUAL VIOLENCE\n\n Mr. WELCH. Mr. President, multiple press articles and reports by\nhuman rights organizations, as well as United Nations human rights\ninvestigators, have documented widespread acts of horrific sexual\nviolence against prisoners in the Middle East over many years. These\narticles and these reports describe--often in graphic, gruesome\ndetail--a consistent pattern of sexual abuse corroborated by multiple\nsources and in some cases with shocking photographs and videos posted\non social media by the perpetrators themselves.\n These allegations amount to gross violations of human rights,\nincluding torture, and if committed by members of foreign military and\npolice forces that receive training or equipment from the United\nStates, they are sanctionable under U.S. law--the Leahy Law.\n In Egypt, allegations of acts of systemic sexual violence against\nprisoners are not new. The allegations have been the subject of\nreports, including by U.S. and Egyptian human rights organizations and\nthe Department of State, for many years.\n We also know that Hamas militants who invaded Israel on October 7,\n2023, committed absolutely brutal acts of sexual violence, including\ngang rape, against Israelis during the attack and against Israeli\nhostages.\n On May 12, a team of Israeli researchers released a report which\nconcluded that sexual violence by Hamas militants against women and men\nwas ``systematic, widespread and integral'' to the attack. Many of us\nhave condemned those barbaric crimes and called for justice for the\nIsraeli victims.\n I personally still have vivid memories of hearing personally of the\nhorrors of these attacks from Israeli victims who bravely came and\nspoke to Members of the U.S. Senate.\n There is also extensive evidence, both before and after October 7, of\na pattern of sexual violence against Palestinian prisoners by Israeli\nsecurity forces. Allegations of such abuses in Israeli prisons are not\nnew, but they have sharply increased since October 7.\n So have reports of widespread abuses and killings of Palestinian\ncivilians by Israeli soldiers and acts of violence, including sexual\nassault and murder by Israeli settlers which reportedly continue to\nthis day.\n I will not repeat the gruesome details of the attacks reportedly\ncommitted against Palestinian prisoners by Israeli soldiers, but I do\nurge my colleagues, as uncomfortable as it may be, to read the articles\nby Nicholas Kristof in the May 11 New York Times entitled ``The Horror\nof Sexual Assault in Israeli Prisons,'' and ``The Silence That Meets\nthe Rape of Palestinians.''\n The heinous acts that were described to him by former prisoners and\nwitnesses, if proven in a court of law, would warrant decades-long\nprison sentences. Despite overwhelming evidence,\n\n[[Page S2293]]\n\nEgyptian authorities and Hamas officials have denied that forces under\ntheir command have sexually assaulted prisoners.\n Likewise, Israeli authorities, including Prime Minister Netanyahu,\nwhile rightly condemning Hamas's acts of sexual violence, dismissed out\nof hand the reports of similar acts by Israeli soldiers as\nfabrications.\n The fact is that these are not isolated reports, nor are victims of\nsexual violence prone to voluntarily invite the public scrutiny and\nprofound embarrassment that comes with describing being subjected to\nthese types of humiliating mistreatment.\n Every year, Egypt and Israel receive more military aid paid for by\nAmerican taxpayers than any other countries, and that is by far. Yet\nneither of their governments, nor our own, have shown the slightest\nconcern about addressing longstanding allegations of the widespread use\nof sexual violence against prisoners in their custody.\n That is unacceptable. It must change. American taxpayer funds are\ndirectly supporting foreign military units that have been credibly\nimplicated in rape and other abhorrent acts of sexual violence.\n The United States has long embraced in its foreign policy the\nprotection of human rights. It is at the heart of the Leahy Law passed\nby this U.S. Senate. That law directs the Secretary of State to\ninvestigate credible reports of human rights abuses.\n In light of the credible reports of gross human rights abuses, I call\nupon the Secretary of State to act, to investigate, and to abide by the\nprovisions of the Leahy Law.\n I yield the floor.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Indiana.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2291", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RELIGIOUS FREEDOM", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2291", "S2292", "[{\"name\": \"John Cornyn\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2291", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2291-S2292]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n RELIGIOUS FREEDOM\n\n Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, this year, as we all know, we are\ncelebrating America's 250th anniversary. This, of course, is an\nopportunity for all of us to reflect with gratitude on the many\nliberties and freedoms that we enjoy--fundamental freedoms not enjoyed\nby most of the rest of the world--all of which help make America an\nexceptional nation.\n America is a country envied by millions or perhaps billions of people\naround the world who long to experience the liberties we too often take\nfor granted here at home. But it is also true that many countries do\nnot share\n\n[[Page S2292]]\n\nour values. Instead, they impose authoritarian or theocratic rules on\ntheir own citizens, as we have witnessed in recent years.\n Even on continents like Africa, countries like Nigeria have come\nunder international scrutiny for violating the rights and freedoms of\nChristians and other religious groups as their legal system has become\nmore and more entwined with theocratic rule--in this case, Sharia law.\n The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom issued a\nreport last July detailing some of these abuses. The report found that\nNigeria's enforcement of so-called blasphemy laws has created\nrestrictions on the religious freedom of Christians and other faith\ngroups.\n Nigeria's Constitution grants authority to local governments to\nadjudicate their laws through Sharia, or religious, courts. In some\nstates, this has resulted in the charging, fining, and imprisonment of\nnon-Muslims. Twelve states in Northern Nigeria have been permitted to\nimplement laws derived from a Sharia framework criminalizing blasphemy.\nThey have also enforced Sharia-based code punishment that utilizes\ncorporal punishment, including amputation and stoning, for certain\noffenses. Some state governments in Nigeria have thrown several people\ninto prison for violating blasphemy laws, including a Christian nurse\nand a humanist, who were both released last year. Several more remain\nin prison to this day under similar charges, with some even sentenced\nto the death penalty.\n In Europe, as a result of massive migration from Middle Eastern\ncountries, there has been an increase in the practice of Sharia law in\nvarious Muslim enclaves--frequently, pockets of parallel legal norms in\nsome urban centers.\n While we as Americans allow freedom of speech and expression and\nreligion, it is hard to imagine a judge in another country imposing the\ndeath penalty on someone for having different beliefs or for a judge to\nthrow someone in jail for sending a message online that a religious\njudge finds offensive, which, of course, would never happen in America\nbecause of the First Amendment in part, which protects religious\nfreedom. But this is a road that America could go down if we do not\nremain vigilant and committed to the foundational principles of\nindividual liberty, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion\nenshrined in our Constitution.\n These incidents occurring in Nigeria may seem far away, but they\nunderscore the dangers of what can happen in a country that is not\nguided by the values that we hold dear here in America, and they offer\na glimpse of what could happen in free Western countries like the\nUnited States if Sharia law became entwined in a nation's governing\nphilosophy. As I mentioned, because of massive Muslim immigration from\nthe Middle East into Europe, this is happening right now in many\nenclaves across Europe.\n Back home in Texas, my constituents have become increasingly alarmed\nat immigrant enclaves that seek to adopt Sharia law right here in the\nUnited States. Last summer, a group of individuals attempted to create\na Sharia law compound in Josephine, TX, known as the East Plano Islamic\nCenter, otherwise known as EPIC City. This complex would have been a\nplanned community strictly for Muslims centered around a mosque and\na private Islamic grade school. The developers planned to have homes\navailable for sale to noncitizens but restricted to those who would\nsupposedly ``contribute to the overall makeup of [the] community.'' In\nother words, they would seek to bar people not sharing their same\nbeliefs.\n\n This is clearly a very lightly veiled attempt at religious\ndiscrimination and, of course, is prohibited by Federal law, including\nthe Fair Housing Act, among other civil rights laws. Naturally, many of\nmy constituents were concerned, as was I. There is something so\nalarming about this planned community where only residents of a\nparticular faith are welcome and allowed to purchase a home and where\nprinciples of religious law like Sharia law would govern daily life,\neducation, and commerce.\n I wrote a letter to the Department of Justice asking them to\ninvestigate EPIC City for potential violations of Federal civil rights\nlaws. Governor Abbott has been instrumental in making sure that this\nplanned community will never come to fruition, and I am thankful for\nhis leadership and remain committed to ensuring that Texas does not\never allow such a community to be created. Furthermore, I plan to\nintroduce legislation here in the Senate to ensure that any attempts to\nimpose or adopt religious law, including Sharia, never become realized.\n Our country was founded on principles of liberty, equality, freedom\nof religion, and freedom of speech. We cannot shrink from these ideals\nby allowing certain individuals to advocate or embrace Sharia law, nor\ncan we allow advocates for Sharia law to enter our country and actively\nwork to undermine our Constitution.\n We welcome legal immigrants from around the world, regardless of\nreligious belief, who want to become Americans through a legal, orderly\nprocess, but we want Americans not just in name only but in terms of\ntheir willingness to embrace the very values ensconced and protected by\nour Constitution. We want them to become fully assimilated as\nAmericans, as America always has.\n By recommitting ourselves to our Constitution and to our founding\nprinciples, our country will see another 250 years of liberty and\njustice for all.\n I yield the floor.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Vermont.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2290", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "NOMINATIONS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SNOMINATIONS", "S2290", "S2291", "[{\"name\": \"Richard J. Durbin\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2290", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2290-S2291]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n NOMINATIONS\n\n Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, later today, the Senate will move 1 step\ncloser to confirming 50 Executive nominees without the consent or\nagreement of the Senate Democrats.\n Last year, Senate Republicans made a change in the Senate's rules\nthat has fundamentally undermined Senators' ability to fulfill our\nconstitutional duty of advice and consent. They gave away this body's\nauthority in order to appease the White House.\n Now, I have been in the Senate long enough to remember a time when\nthis was not even a major issue. It was rare that people would question\na nomination. They would usually threaten to but not reach a floor\nvote. That has changed dramatically.\n U.S. attorneys--let me use that as an example. Under President\nTrump's first term, virtually every U.S. attorney of the 94 vacancies\nwas filled by voice vote--no record vote necessary. There was maybe one\nexception in that period, but virtually all of them were by voice vote.\n Then came President Biden and a decision by the man who is now Vice\nPresident of the United States to force a vote on every single U.S.\nattorney. It was Vice President Vance who insisted on that, and I came\nto the floor repeatedly, saying: Why are you doing this? We have done\nthis on a bipartisan basis up until now.\n He said: We want to vote on every one of them.\n Well, he got his way, and we stopped filling the vacancies of U.S.\nattorneys under President Biden. Now, under President Trump's second\nterm, we are having individual votes on each one. I don't believe it\nshould ever have reached that point, but it has, and I just described\nto you how it reached that point. Still, we have this situation where\nthere are objections and demands for votes time and time and time\nagain. We waste too much time on that.\n Now, some of these nominees are controversial, and they would have\nseparate votes, but that is rare. By and large, we can have agreement\nif we do it on a bipartisan basis. Unfortunately, this kind of voting\nwe are going to have today basically says that we are throwing in the\ntowel, that we are not even going to try to make this a bipartisan\nprocess, and I am sorry for that.\n I warned that this new Republican precedent would open the door to\njamming through extreme nominees whose only qualification is loyalty to\nthe President.\n U.S. attorneys are the top Federal prosecutors in 94 districts across\nthe country. We rely on them to be above politics, fairmined\nprosecutors who protect victims and hold bad actors accountable. They\nshould not be instruments of political retribution ever. But, as I\nfeared, several U.S. attorney nominees in this en bloc package are\nextreme and, I am afraid to say, unqualified.\n Last year, President Trump nominated people like Ed Martin, Alina\nHabba, Lindsey Halligan, and others who are not qualified for the post\nbut committed to carrying out his retribution campaign against\nPresident Trump's political enemies.\n As an interim U.S. attorney, Ed Martin led an unprecedented purge of\ndozens of career prosecutors in the Department of Justice and FBI\nagents simply because they did their jobs investigating and prosecuting\nthe attack on the U.S. Capitol.\n I sit on the Senate Judiciary Committee, and I am embarrassed for the\nnominees that come before us. They are so afraid that they are going to\nsay one word or the other that is going to trigger the ire of the\nPresident.\n When you ask them basic questions--who won the election between Trump\nand Biden in 2020?--they refuse to answer that question. You could take\nthat question to any eighth grade classroom in my State or Montana--you\npick it--and those kids know the answer: President Biden won. Of course\nhe did. He got more votes than President Trump. But these nominees are\nafraid to say it because President Trump has never acknowledged the\nobvious. He has been engaged in this Big Lie strategy ever since. And\nthey are afraid that if they cross him by saying the obvious, they are\ngoing to invoke his resistance and maybe even lose his support for\nwhatever they are seeking--the nomination.\n The same thing is true when you ask about January 6. Mr. President,\nyou weren't here. I was here, and I will tell you exactly what\nhappened. A mob came to the Capitol and started coming into the\nbuilding, and we were warned in the Senate Chamber that the Vice\nPresident of the United States had to leave because of the danger to\nhim personally.\n Then they told us: Stay in the Senate Chamber. The mob is going to\nstay outside.\n Ten minutes later, they stood up and said: Forget what we just said.\nEverybody file out as quickly as possible. They have broken the\ncontainment and are moving toward this Chamber.\n And off we went to an adjoining building, waiting until the mob\nsubsided.\n Over 140 policemen were physically attacked. Two of them died a day\nor two later. It was a serious moment, and these men and women risked\ntheir lives to protect us.\n That happened, and it was all captured on videotape. We know what\nhappened. As a result of that, some 1,500 people were arrested for\ntheir participation in this mob action, and some of them were actually\nsentenced to time in prison.\n What happened when President Trump was elected? Full, unconditional\npardon of every single one of them. Even those that were physically\nassaulting the policemen in the Capitol were given a full and\nunconditional pardon by President Trump. That is a fact.\n So when we ask these people who want to be lifetime appointments to\nthe Federal bench what happened to the Capitol on January 6, they say:\nOh, it was sunny, and there was a little wind outside.\n Well, didn't you see the videotapes?\n Of course they did, but they are afraid to acknowledge what actually\nhappened for fear that President Trump will turn on them.\n The latest is, when we ask them about the 22nd Amendment to the\nConstitution, which says that a President can only serve two terms--we\nask them\n\n[[Page S2291]]\n\na basic question--now, get this--President Trump is serving his second\nterm, right?\n Yes, he is.\n Can he run for a third term?\n I am sorry, I can't answer that. That may be a question that comes\nbefore the Federal court.\n Once again, take it to the eighth graders in my State or yours and\nask them the basic question: How many terms can a President serve? Two.\nThe Constitution says it, and the President is in his second term.\n They are afraid to say that for fear that this President will try\nsomehow to enter into a third term in office. I can't imagine how he\nwould. But they are afraid to answer the questions.\n Those are the kinds of nominees we are getting before the Senate\nJudiciary Committee. I have never seen, in 20 years of service on that\ncommittee, people who are in such an embarrassing position that they\nembarrass themselves, their families, and friends who have gathered for\nthem and refuse to answer fundamental, basic questions about the\nConstitution. I have just never seen anything like it.\n Ed Martin led an unprecedented purge of all the people that I\nmentioned earlier. He tweeted from the Capitol on January 6, the day of\nthe insurrectionist mob. I want to quote him. Ed Martin:\n\n Like Mardi Gras today in DC today: love, faith and joy.\n Ignore #FakeNews.\n\n Dismissing the violence of the January 6 rioters, Martin said:\n\n We have to have less judgment on somebody who hits a cop.\n\n I want to repeat that in Police Week because of our bipartisan salute\nto our men and women in law enforcement. Ed Martin, one of the top guys\nin the Trump administration, said in reference to what happened on\nJanuary 6 in this building:\n\n We have to have less judgment on somebody who hits a cop.\n\n Get out of here. This man is at the highest level of the Trump\nadministration.\n Although his nomination failed to advance, President Trump continues\nto nominate people like Martin who defend January 6 rioters and embrace\nthe Big Lie that the 2020 election was stolen.\n It is even more of an outrage that during Police Week, when we honor\nlaw enforcement's bravery, service, and sacrifice, Senate Republicans\nare poised to confirm nominees who continue to spread fabrications\nabout the police officers who protected me and other Members of the\nSenate, Republican and Democrat, from the violent mob on January 6.\n Take Darin Smith--Darin Smith, nominated to the District of Wyoming.\nHe stood by his radical and dangerous view that Vice President Pence\nshould not have certified the results of the 2020 election.\n Smith was on the Capitol grounds on January 6--this nominee for\njudgeship was on the Capitol grounds on January 6--and made the\nreprehensible claim--listen to this. This is what Smith said: Hundreds\nof Capitol Police officers who risked their lives that day were guilty\nof ``massive incompetence.'' Smith blames the police for what happened\non January 6. Without evidence, he claimed that rioters who breached\nthe Capitol were victims of entrapment--1,500 victims of entrapment.\n Moreover, Smith is not remotely qualified to be a U.S. attorney. He\nis going to be in the package, take it or leave it. Prior to becoming\ninterim U.S. attorney, he had no courtroom or litigation experience\nwhatsoever--none.\n Smith's lack of experience has had real-world consequences. At least\nseven criminal defendants have filed motions to dismiss charges brought\nby Smith because he told members of the grand jury that the defendants\nwere ``murderers'' and that every case before them involved ``bad\npeople.'' Even the Wyoming U.S. Attorney's Office has admitted Smith's\nirresponsible and unprofessional comments were ``ill-advised.'' That is\nthe word they used--``ill-advised.'' Worse than that, Smith has\nviolated these defendants' rights and endangered public safety by\nputting these prosecutions at risk.\n He wasn't ready for this job. He still isn't.\n Another nominee Senate Republicans are rubberstamping today is Phil\nWilliams, nominated to the Northern District of Alabama. He bears many\nunfortunate similarities to Ed Martin. Neither one had any\nprosecutorial experience prior to their nomination. Instead, like\nMartin, Williams' main qualification appears to be he is a podcaster\nand he makes social media posts in which he spouts MAGA orthodoxy.\n Like Ed Martin, Phil Williams has whitewashed January 6 and maligned\nthe law enforcement officers--not the mobsters--the policemen who were\nhere protecting Members of Congress, our staff, and visitors. Williams\nclaimed that January 6 rioters were ``hunted down''--his words--by law\nenforcement, whom he accused of ``prosecutorial abuse many, many times\nover.''\n This is a man whose nomination for a lifetime appointment to the\nFederal court is going to be voted on today, during Police Week.\n He went on to call the prosecution of January 6 rioters ``the Salem\nWitch trials on a national scale.''\n Williams criticized the 87-month sentence imposed on a rioter named\nGuy Reffitt, claiming he is, according to Williams, ``nonviolent.'' In\nfact, Reffitt traveled to the Capitol on that day--January 6--wearing\nbody armor, carrying handguns and cuffs, and planning to kidnap Nancy\nPelosi and Mitch McConnell.\n Prior to his arrest--listen to this--Reffitt, who has been described\nas ``nonviolent,'' said to his own minor children:\n\n If you turn me in, you are a traitor, and traitors get\n shot.\n\n Senate Republicans will also approve Dan Bishop, nominated to the\nMiddle District of North Carolina--another nominee who has no previous\nexperience as a prosecutor. Lifetime appointment to the Federal bench.\n As a Member of Congress on January 6, 2021, Bishop voted against\ncertifying the 2020 election results. He didn't accept what is clearly\nthe fact: The President lost the 2020 election. President Biden won.\n Bishop falsely claimed that ``Democrats' attack on our elections . .\n. was coordinated & widespread.''\n Even today, Bishop refuses to disavow debunked theories about the\ninsurrection. He told me: ``I have heard credible accounts that black-\nbloc/Antifa agitators were in the crowd and among the first to\nvandalize the Capitol building, so I think that leftists participated\nin and perhaps instigated the mayhem in part''--one of the wild\nconspiracy theories which he still stands by.\n There is a clear through line here with these extreme, unqualified\nnominees. Their MAGA loyalty all but guarantees they will use their\npost in the U.S. Attorney's Offices to go after the President's\npolitical opponents.\n President Trump has nominated these January 6 apologists for another\nequally concerning reason: He wants to make the case that the 2020\nelection was stolen to justify interfering in the 2026 elections, and\nhe wants loyal foot soldiers in the U.S. Attorney's Offices who will\nhelp him carry out this mission.\n Confirming these nominees to top law enforcement positions,\nparticularly given their attacks on police officers simply for doing\ntheir jobs on January 6, is disrespectful to law enforcement--even more\nso during Police Week.\n I urge my colleagues: Today, when this package comes before us,\noppose these nominees. And because this rancid package of nominees is a\n``take it or leave it'' on nearly 50 nominees, by all means, leave it.\n I yield the floor.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Texas.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2289", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "ANNIVERSARY OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, SHOOTING", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2289", "S2289", "[{\"name\": \"Charles E. Schumer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2289", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2289]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ANNIVERSARY OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, SHOOTING\n\n Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, finally, on the shooting anniversary of 4\nyears in Buffalo, before I close today, I want to say that my heart is\nwith Buffalo as we mark 4 years since the horrific, mass racist\nshootings that took place at Tops supermarket in 2022. In an instant,\n10 beautiful, innocent lives were cut short, and 3 were wounded. They\nwere grandparents and sons and daughters, mothers, fathers, friends,\npeople who deeply loved their community and whose absence we feel every\nsingle day.\n But in the face of hatred and tragedy, Buffalo lived up to its\nreputation as the city of good neighbors. The families of the victims\nand the whole community pushed Congress to come together in a way it\nhadn't for decades, beating back the dark forces of the NRA and passing\nthe first major gun safety bill in more than a quarter century.\n I worked hand in hand with the families of those we lost in Buffalo\nto pass the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act, and their work has\nundoubtedly saved many lives. We owe it to the victims to not just\nremember their names but to build a future where no community has to\nendure the kind of tragedy that Buffalo did back then in 2022.\n So may God bless the families and all of Buffalo as we remember those\nwe lost 4 years ago today: Ruth Whitfield; Roberta Drury; Aaron Salter,\nJr.; Heyward Patterson; Pearl Young; Geraldine Talley; Celestine\nChaney; Kat Massey; Margus Morrison; and Andre Mackneil.\n I yield the floor.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The majority whip.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2289-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "NATIONAL POLICE WEEK", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2289", "S2290", "[{\"name\": \"John Barrasso\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2289", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2289-S2290]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n NATIONAL POLICE WEEK\n\n Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, on a separate matter, this week is\nPolice Week. We honor the brave officers all across the country who\ncontinue to serve and truly remember those who gave their lives in the\nline of duty.\n Yesterday, I met with law enforcement officers from Wyoming here in\nthe Capitol. There was a ranger from the Bureau of Land Management. She\nis from Buffalo, WY. There were also two police officers from Sheridan,\nWY, part of the same police department that lost Sergeant Nevada\nKrinkee, nearly 2 years ago. And they are in Washington, DC, this week\nto honor Sergeant Krinkee. It was an honor to thank these heroes for\nkeeping our community safe.\n Every year the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial adds names\nof fallen officers to its memorial wall. It does this for officers who\ndied in the line of duty in the previous year. It also adds the names\nof fallen officers from earlier years who, through extensive research,\nwere recently uncovered. It enlists their new names onto the memorial\nwall as well.\n This comprehensive rollcall of heroes serves as a living memorial to\nall of the fallen officers in the history of our Nation. This year, the\nnames of 363 new fallen officers were added. It is a high number.\n One of the officers is someone who died in the past but research has\ndisclosed should have been named, and that is Marshal Daniel Hansen of\nthe Cokeville Police Department in Wyoming.\n Cokeville is a small town along the western border of our State.\nMarshal Hansen wore the badge over a century ago. In a wild land, at\nthe time, dotted by small frontier towns, the difference between\ncivilization and lawlessness was a very thin blue line. On June 21,\n1912, the wife of a local businessowner found a blackmail letter. It\nwas signed by notorious outlaws. The note demanded $1,500, which was a\nfortune at that time. It also threatened to kill her and her family if\npolice were warned.\n\n[[Page S2290]]\n\n Although any backup was dozens of miles away, Marshal Hansen rode out\nto investigate. As he did his job, he was shot dead. It is believed\nthat the murder of the marshal had been targeted.\n More than a century has passed since Marshal Hansen died in the line\nof duty. Yet his legacy of service, selflessness, and sacrifice lives\non.\n Today, Wyoming officers proudly protect and serve across our State.\nOfficers work double shifts. They answer emergency calls. They stay\nlate into the night. And they do all of this to keep their community\nsafe.\n And I am always going to support the men and women of law enforcement\nwithout apology.\n Today, Republicans are putting money back into the pockets of law\nenforcement. Republicans passed the Working Families Tax Cuts law. That\nnew law includes no taxes on overtime. For Wyoming officers, no taxes\non overtime--it is not just extra; it is essential.\n The average tax deduction for no taxes on overtime this year is more\nthan $3,100.\n Republicans are again delivering safer streets. The Working Families\nTax Cut law invests in local law enforcement. It helps officers fight\nviolent crime. This year, violent crime is falling across the board.\nMurders, robberies, rapes, aggravated assaults are all down compared to\nlast year. Clearly, supporting law enforcement makes our communities\nsafer.\n By contrast, Democrats in Congress continue to want to defund the\npolice. Democrats have left Immigration and Customs Enforcement and\nBorder Patrol officers unfunded since January. Tellingly, the Democrat\nleader recently said on this floor that ICE and Border Patrol, he said,\nare two groups nobody respects. Radical Democrats continue to\ndisrespect, to demonize, and to defund the men and women who keep us\nsafe.\n Republicans are going to ensure ICE and Border Patrol are fully\nfunded, and we are going to continue to stand up for the men and women\nwho keep all of our communities safe.\n I yield the floor.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The minority whip.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2289-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "WYOMING", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2289", "S2289", "[{\"name\": \"John Barrasso\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2289", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2289]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n WYOMING\n\n Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I come to the floor today to say that\nthe people of Wyoming asked of Washington, DC, one simple thing, and\nthat is: Let us do what we do best. Let us power the country, and let\nus feed the country. We have done it for generations, and we will\ncontinue to do it for generations to come.\n The American people want affordable energy. They want energy that\nthey can use, that is available to them, and that is reliable. Wyoming\nis America's energy breadbasket. We produce 12 times more energy than\nwe consume.\n Congress is currently discussing new mandates, mandates that would\nforce more and more ethanol into our fuel tanks. The House voted on it\njust last night. I oppose a year-round E15 mandate. That is what is\ncurrently under debate. I oppose it because it hurts small refineries\nand all of the people around the country who work in these small\nrefineries.\n In Wyoming, we have several small refineries. They employ thousands\nof hard-working people. The refineries receive hardship exemptions for\nsomething called the renewable fuel standard mandate. Oh, it is a\nmandate. They depend on these exemptions to survive--``they'' being the\nrefineries and the people who work for them. Small refineries already\nface higher costs under Federal renewable fuel rules.\n Without additional relief, the new mandate will likely raise gas\nprices for consumers all across the country by up to 35 cents a gallon.\n Small refineries have been ignored so far in the current E15 debate.\nIt is time for their voices to be heard.\n Affordable, available, reliable American energy never comes from a\none-size-fits-all government mandate. It comes from regulatory\ncertainty, from permitting reform, and it comes from people who are\nworking hard every day, like our Wyoming energy workers.\n My message is simple: Let Wyoming do what Wyoming does best.\n Now, the same principle applies to our ranchers. Americans want U.S.\nbeef on their tables. Wyoming ranchers produce the very best beef in\nthe world. Wyoming beef is safe. It is the highest quality.\n And, Mr. President, your home State of Montana is known for equal\nhigh quality and hard workers.\n It is our State's No. 1 cash crop, and I am sure it is a high cash\ncrop in Montana as well.\n Wyoming ranchers care for the land. We support our communities. We\nare great stewards of the land. Ranching is part of Wyoming's rich\nhistory and rich heritage. It is also part of our bright future.\n Our ranchers do not ask for special treatment. They simply want a\nfair marketplace. They should not have to compete unfairly against\nforeign beef. It is Washington's job to ensure that there is a fair\nplaying field.\n The Trump administration recently unveiled a voluntary label program\nthat is called ``Product of the U.S.A.'' It means Americans can trust\nwhat they are buying.\n Just this week, the administration rolled back the Biden\nadministration's disastrous public lands rule. In Wyoming, nearly half\nof our land is owned by the Federal Government. The Federal Government\nis our largest landlord. Federal law has long recognized the value of\nland that has multiple uses. It is called multiple use. It is in the\nlaw. And one of the uses includes grazing.\n But the Biden rule changed multiple use into no use. They described\nno use as one of the multiple uses. We don't think of it that way and\nnever have. This was designed by the Biden administration to shut down\nFederal grazing across the West. It was an attack on the Wyoming way of\nlife, and I aggressively fought back against Biden's punishing\nregulations right here in the Senate.\n And I am glad to see the Trump administration overturn it. Our\nranchers will now be able to expand their operations and produce more\nhigh-quality Wyoming beef.\n Now I am going to continue to fight for policies that expand American\nbeef production. It needs to be easier, not harder, for Wyoming\nranchers to feed America. Let Wyoming do what Wyoming does best.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2288", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY LEADER", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2288", "S2288", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2288", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2288]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY LEADER\n\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Democratic leader is\nrecognized.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2288-4", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "IRAN", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2288", "S2289", "[{\"name\": \"Charles E. Schumer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2288", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2288-S2289]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n IRAN\n\n Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, on Iran, every day the costs of Trump's\ndisastrous handling of his illegal war with Iran mount up. The most\ndire cost is human: 13 American servicemembers killed, nearly 400\nwounded. They served with valor. We owe a tremendous debt of gratitude\nto them, their families, and their brothers and sisters in arms who\nremain in harm's way.\n But that is not the only way the war has cost us, as bad as that is.\nTrump's war has cost the American taxpayer at least--at least--$29\nbillion--billion dollars. The war with Iran has cost American families\nfinancially, causing inflation to spiral out of control, gas prices to\nskyrocket, grocery costs to climb.\n Trump's reckless war has also cost America strategically. Hundreds of\ninstallations in the region have been damaged. America's reputation on\nthe world stage has been further tarnished. American munitions\nstockpiles are shrinking at a time when we need them to deter other\naggressors around the world.\n All for what? What is his goal here? He hasn't achieved any of them.\n Americans have paid dearly for Trump's blunder in Iran in exchange\nfor little or no gain. The American people may not be benefitting from\nTrump's war, but our competitors, our rivals across the globe,\ncertainly are. Vladimir Putin couldn't be happier with the Iran war, as\nRussia rakes in record profits from its energy exports,\n\n[[Page S2289]]\n\nand the Americans use up munitions that could go to Ukraine.\n As Trump drags America's reputation through the mud, China now\npresents itself as a source of stability and reason on the world stage.\nAccording to press reports, the Chinese have planned secret arms sales\nto Iran and now look to Taiwan with greater eagerness, since America\nhas devoted so many of our military resources to Iran.\n If we want to make sure America stays on top, we need to end Trump's\nillegal war as soon as possible.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2288-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "CHINA", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2288", "S2288", "[{\"name\": \"Charles E. Schumer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2288", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2288]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n CHINA\n\n Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, on China, we are just a day into Trump's\ntrip to China, and he hasn't done anything to ease concerns that he\nmight sell out America. He arrived with a posse of billionaires in tow,\nincluding his own son, who oversees the family business.\n This kind of stuff is just incredible.\n So much for fighting against how China is hurting American workers\nand poisoning our communities with fentanyl. That would get in the way\nof Donald Trump and his family profiting off of doing business with the\nChinese Communist Party--just hours in, and Xi Jinping has already\nthreatened to ``collide or even clash'' with the United States if we\ncontinue our support for Taiwan. Trump, apparently, didn't say anything\nin response. He was just mute.\n For the sake of democracy and the stability of the global economy,\nTrump must not sell out Taiwan.\n Trump must also safeguard the interests of American workers,\nfamilies, and businesses.\n Trump is continuing to roll forward on selling AI chips to Chinese\ncompanies that are linked to the Chinese military. Giving China access\nto this premiere American technology--something we developed with our\nknow-how, our entrepreneurship, our ingenuity--and just giving it away\nto China? That is dangerous and threatens the United States' lead in\nthe AI race that is going to shape the global economy for decades.\n And chips aren't the only way Trump is selling out America. Trump is\nundermining American autoworkers by letting Chinese vehicles flood the\nmarket, and that is something he is very much considering.\n Communities across this country continue to suffer as Trump fails to\nsecure real meaningful action from Xi to stem the tide of fentanyl that\nis flowing into our country from China.\n If Xi outnegotiates Trump--and that has happened almost every time he\nhas negotiated with him in the past--it will undercut American\nmanufacturers and workers who have long been hurt by the CCP's\npredatory trade practices.\n When Trump does these negotiations, the only thing he is looking for\nis a headline so he can see himself on the front page of the newspaper.\nHe doesn't think of what will happen a day after, and it hurts America\nevery time.\n If Xi outnegotiates Trump and if America emerges from these\nnegotiations weaker than it was before, there will be only one person\nto blame: Donald Trump.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2288-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "ECONOMY", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2288", "S2288", "[{\"name\": \"Charles E. Schumer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2288", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2288]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ECONOMY\n\n Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, well, every day, Americans see headlines\nabout rising prices.\n Just this week, The Economist said: ``America faces another grocery-\nprice shock.''\n CNN: ``America is in for yet another long spell of price pain.''\n PBS News: ``Iran war hits home as gasoline prices fuel significant\nU.S. inflation jump.''\n Trump will surely try to brush aside these reports of higher costs as\n``fake news,'' but Americans don't need to see the headlines to know we\nare in an affordability crisis. Americans feel the crushing weight of\nhigher costs caused by Trump's disastrous war and failed economic\npolicies every time they walk through the grocery aisle and step up to\nthe gas pump.\n What Americans do not see is any sympathy, any support, or any plan\nfrom Trump and congressional Republicans to lower costs. In fact, they\nsee the opposite.\n The other day, Trump said:\n\n I don't think about Americans' financial situation. I don't\n think about [anyone].\n\n Trump's clueless comments make my blood boil. ``I don't think about\n[anyone]?'' They make Americans' blood boil. Americans can't understand\nhow a President can be so cold, so callous, and so proud of it.\n Donald Trump doesn't think about how every time Americans go to the\npump, they are paying over $4.50 for a gallon of gasoline--up more than\n$1.50 since Trump started this war.\n Donald Trump doesn't think about how a family's weekly trip to the\ngrocery store got even more expensive, with food prices going up in\nApril more than in any month in the past 4 years.\n Trump certainly doesn't think about how wholesale inflation just hit\n6 percent--the highest it has been in nearly 4 years.\n Donald Trump doesn't think about you, America.\n Trump is really wrong when he says he doesn't think about anyone. He\nthinks about himself and only himself, as his past comments have shown.\n Donald Trump thinks about how badly he wants the American people to\nbankroll his $1 billion ballroom. If ``ballroom Republicans'' won't\nthink about the economic suffering of the American people, then they\nhad better start thinking long and hard about their own political\nfutures.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Senate", "SENATE", "SENATE", "CALLTOORDER", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n[[Page S2287]]\n\nSenate\n\n The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was called to order by the Honorable\nTim Sheehy, a Senator from the State of Montana.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287-8", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "NATIONAL POLICE WEEK", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2287", "S2288", "[{\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Charles E. Schumer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S2287-S2288]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n NATIONAL POLICE WEEK\n\n Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, last month, a Sioux Falls, SD, police\nofficer responded to a report of a weapons violation. While pursuing\none of the suspects, the officer in question was ambushed by the other\nsuspect and shot.\n Here in DC last month, law enforcement officers on duty at the White\nHouse Correspondents' Dinner responded when an individual darted\nthrough a security checkpoint with the intent of assassinating the\nPresident and members of his administration. One officer was shot,\nfortunately in the vest.\n The job of a law enforcement officer is an unpredictable one. Of\ncourse, all of life has uncertainty, but when most of us depart our\nhouses every day, we can be pretty certain that we will return that\nevening the same way we left that morning--in safety.\n Police officers, law enforcement officers, don't have that same\nassurance. The job of a police officer is unpredictable. Some days\nmight be very quiet--helping a stranded motorist, writing a speeding\nticket, chatting with kids about police work at a school function--but\nother days--other days--a police officer might respond to a call and be\nconfronted with a gunman.\n Law enforcement officers never know what kind of day it will be. The\nSecret Service agent leaving her house in the morning doesn't know\nwhether she will have to throw herself between her principal and danger\nbefore nightfall. The sheriff's deputy serving a warrant doesn't know\nwhether it will be a peaceful event or whether he will confront a\nvolley of bullets. Yet, every day, men and women across this country\nembrace their jobs in law enforcement. They are born protectors who\nwillingly shoulder the risks and dangers to keep them away from the\nrest of us.\n This week, we honor them. This week, we observe National Police Week\nto honor the service and sacrifice of our Nation's law enforcement\nofficers. Tomorrow, we observe National Peace Officers Memorial Day--a\nday to remember the men and women of law enforcement who have given\ntheir lives in the line of duty.\n This year's Police Week resolution notes that in 2025, more than 200\nofficers were killed in the line of duty--200 men and women who left\ntheir homes in the morning and failed to return to it at the end of the\nday.\n Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for\nhis friends.\n For these men and women, we were all their friends.\n\n[[Page S2288]]\n\n As we honor the service and sacrifice of our Nation's law enforcement\nofficers, we also need to honor their families because their families\nalso serve. They say goodbye in the morning to a husband or wife, a mom\nor a dad, son or a daughter, with the knowledge always at the back of\ntheir minds that their loved one may not come home at the end of the\nday. And every year, for some law enforcement families, that fear comes\ntrue, and this week and every week, we should remember them.\n This Police Week, I want to say a special thank-you to South Dakota\nlaw enforcement officers--police officers, sheriff's deputies, State\ntroopers, Tribal police, and the Federal officers who serve our State.\n I am grateful for all you do to keep South Dakotans safe.\n I also want to thank the officers of the Capitol Police, who stand\nguard in this building every hour of every day.\n We are able to work in safety because of your efforts.\n Mr. President, we live in a fallen world, and there will always be\nmen and women out there with evil intent. We are blessed to have so\nmany heroic men and women willing to put their lives on the line to\nprotect us.\n To all of our Nation's law enforcement officers, today and every day,\nthank you.\n May God bless and protect you as you go about your work.\n I yield the floor.\n I suggest the absence of a quorum.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.\n The senior assistant executive clerk proceeded to call the roll.\n Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the quorum\ncall be rescinded.\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so\nordered.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287-7", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY LEADER", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY LEADER\n\n THE ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The majority leader is recognized.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287-6", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "MORNING BUSINESS", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SMBUSINESS", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n MORNING BUSINESS\n\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the previous order, the\nSenate will be in a period of morning business, with Senators permitted\nto speak therein for up to 10 minutes each.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287-5", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME\n\n The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the previous order, the\nleader time is reserved.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287-4", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "ALLOTHER", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE\n\n The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will please read a communication to\nthe Senate from the President pro tempore (Mr. Grassley).\n The senior assistant executive clerk read the following letter:\n\n U.S. Senate\n\n President Pro Tempore,\n\n Washington, DC, May 14, 2026.\n To the Senate:\n Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, of the\n Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby appoint the Honorable\n Tim Sheehy, a Senator from the State of Montana, to perform\n the duties of the Chair.\n\n Chuck Grassley,\n President pro tempore.\n\n Mr. SHEEHY thereupon assumed the Chair as Acting President pro\ntempore.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE", "SENATE", "SENATE", "PLEDGE", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE\n\n The Presiding Officer led the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows:\n\n I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of\n America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation\n under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS2287-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "PRAYER", "SENATE", "SENATE", "PRAYER", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n PRAYER\n\n The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, offered the following prayer:\n Let us pray.\n Gracious Heavenly Father, we come before You today with hearts full\nof gratitude for Your continuous blessings, unwavering love, and\namazing grace.\n We ask that You would be with our lawmakers. Keep them safe,\nfaithful, and true. Lord, give them hearts to make a powerful impact\nupon the lives of their constituents. Use our Senators also as they\nseek to make this Nation a shining city upon a hill that will\nilluminate the darkness of our path ahead. Help them to understand that\nYou are their sure foundation, their mighty fortress, and their shelter\nin the time of storms. Empower them as they seek to bring peace to our\nworld.\n We pray in Your majestic Name. Amen.\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgS-FrontMatter", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Senate", "SENATE", "SENATE", "FRONTMATTER", "S2287", "S2287", null, null, "172 Cong. Rec. S2287", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[Senate]\n[Page S2287]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n S E N A T E\n\nVol. 172\n\nWASHINGTON, THURSDAY, MAY 14, 2026\n\nNo. 82"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8814", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8814\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. GOLDMAN of New York:\n H.R. 8814.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress\n has the power ``to make all Laws which shall be necessary and\n proper for carrying into the Execution for the foregoing\n Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in\n the Government of the United States, or any Department or\n Officer thereof.''"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-9", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8822", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8822\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. MACKENZIE:\n H.R. 8822.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article 1 Section 8"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-8", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8821", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8821\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Ms. MACE:\n H.R. 8821.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I Section 8"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-7", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8820", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8820\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. LUTTRELL:\n H.R. 8820.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8. To make laws which shall be necessary\n and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers,\n and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the\n government of the United States, or in any department or\n officer therof."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-6", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8819", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8819\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. LIEU:\n H.R. 8819.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article 1, Section 8"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-5", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8818", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8818\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. LARSEN of Washington:\n H.R. 8818.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-4", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8817", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8817\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Ms. JOHNSON of Texas:\n H.R. 8817.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n The Necessary and Proper Clause--Article I, Section 8,\n Clause 18"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-30", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "ADDITIONAL SPONSORS", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "HADDSPONSORS", "H3532", "H3533", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HCONRES\", \"number\": \"83\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HJRES\", \"number\": \"96\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HJRES\", \"number\": \"97\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HRES\", \"number\": \"100\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HJRES\", \"number\": \"122\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HJRES\", \"number\": \"127\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HJRES\", \"number\": \"151\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HJRES\", \"number\": \"154\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"347\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"539\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HRES\", \"number\": \"952\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1004\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1061\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1065\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1094\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1137\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HRES\", \"number\": \"1177\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HRES\", \"number\": \"1179\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HRES\", \"number\": \"1253\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"1254\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HRES\", \"number\": \"1255\"}, 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\"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"4769\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"4783\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"4819\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5123\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5134\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5168\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5221\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5268\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5269\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5282\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5343\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5448\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5543\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5658\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5688\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"5867\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6213\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6248\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6280\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6364\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6466\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6609\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6610\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6677\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6685\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6736\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6796\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6856\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6858\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6875\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"6895\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7281\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7335\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7352\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7371\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7380\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7381\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7466\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7545\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7548\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7594\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7618\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7733\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7736\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7794\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7806\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7828\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7845\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7853\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7902\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7938\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7957\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7960\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7961\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7969\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7976\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"7977\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8019\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8032\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8041\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8076\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8163\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8199\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8205\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8313\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8326\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8465\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8494\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8517\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8540\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8541\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8564\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8582\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8583\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8592\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8612\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8630\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8666\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8680\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8694\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8734\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8737\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8740\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8750\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8753\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8756\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8774\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8779\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8781\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8784\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8787\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8793\"}, {\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8798\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Pages H3532-H3533]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n ADDITIONAL SPONSORS\n\n Under clause 7 of rule XII, sponsors were added to public bills and\nresolutions, as follows:\n\n H.R. 347: Mr. Lawler and Mr. Mfume.\n H.R. 539: Mr. Jackson of Illinois.\n H.R. 1004: Mr. Baird.\n H.R. 1061: Mr. Moulton.\n H.R. 1065: Mr. Schmidt.\n H.R. 1094: Mr. Moran.\n H.R. 1137: Mr. Cline.\n H.R. 1254: Mr. Bentz.\n H.R. 1313: Mr. Norman.\n H.R. 1340: Mr. Murphy and Mr. Walkinshaw.\n H.R. 1389: Ms. DelBene.\n H.R. 1484: Mr. Subramanyam.\n H.R. 1529: Mr. Evans of Pennsylvania.\n H.R. 1616: Ms. Balint.\n H.R. 1628: Mr. Murphy.\n H.R. 1769: Mr. Biggs of Arizona.\n H.R. 1993: Mr. Moore of North Carolina.\n H.R. 2005: Mr. Bishop.\n H.R. 2048: Mr. Smith of New Jersey.\n H.R. 2059: Ms. Ocasio-Cortez.\n H.R. 2089: Mr. Moore of North Carolina, Mr. Landsman, Mr.\n Moore of Alabama, and Mr. Wilson of South Carolina.\n H.R. 2102: Ms. Jayapal, Mr. Balderson, and Mr. McCormick.\n H.R. 2231: Mrs. Torres of California.\n H.R. 2234: Mr. Gottheimer.\n H.R. 2343: Ms. Wilson of Florida.\n H.R. 2368: Ms. Pressley.\n H.R. 2424: Mr. Perry.\n H.R. 2470: Ms. Chu.\n H.R. 2484: Ms. Elfreth.\n H.R. 2512: Mr. Pappas.\n H.R. 2555: Mrs. Bice and Mr. Harris of North Carolina.\n H.R. 2584: Mr. Kelly of Pennsylvania.\n H.R. 2585: Mr. Miller of Ohio.\n H.R. 2715: Ms. Mace.\n H.R. 2818: Ms. Chu.\n H.R. 2830: Mr. Mackenzie.\n H.R. 2902: Mr. Pappas, Mr. Bishop, and Mr. Langworthy.\n H.R. 2941: Mr. Goldman of New York.\n H.R. 2978: Mrs. Kim and Mr. Calvert.\n H.R. 3045: Mr. Davis of Illinois.\n H.R. 3132: Mr. Tiffany.\n H.R. 3144: Mr. Neguse.\n H.R. 3184: Ms. Stansbury.\n H.R. 3226: Mr. Mrvan.\n H.R. 3261: Mr. McGovern and Mr. Cohen.\n H.R. 3277: Ms. Schakowsky.\n H.R. 3367: Mr. Magaziner.\n H.R. 3398: Mrs. McIver.\n H.R. 3461: Mr. Cline.\n H.R. 3469: Mrs. Kim and Mr. Whitesides.\n H.R. 3505: Ms. Johnson of Texas.\n H.R. 3565: Ms. Ansari.\n H.R. 3597: Mr. Carbajal.\n H.R. 3723: Mr. Pfluger and Mr. Doggett.\n H.R. 3757: Mr. Min and Mrs. Grijalva.\n H.R. 3805: Ms. Chu.\n H.R. 4265: Ms. Bonamici.\n H.R. 4282: Mr. LaHood.\n H.R. 4361: Mr. Gimenez.\n H.R. 4398: Mr. Bentz.\n H.R. 4448: Ms. Tenney.\n H.R. 4466: Mr. Hurd of Colorado.\n H.R. 4620: Ms. Tenney.\n H.R. 4669: Mr. Carbajal.\n H.R. 4763: Ms. Chu.\n\n[[Page H3533]]\n\n H.R. 4769: Mr. Horsford.\n H.R. 4783: Mr. Weber of Texas.\n H.R. 4819: Ms. Stansbury.\n H.R. 5123: Mrs. Grijalva.\n H.R. 5134: Mr. Vindman and Ms. Ross.\n H.R. 5168: Mr. Tran, Ms. Norton, Ms. Simon, Mr. Courtney,\n Mr. Garcia of California, Mr. Tonko, Ms. King-Hinds, and Mr.\n Moulton.\n H.R. 5221: Mr. Correa.\n H.R. 5268: Mr. Harrigan.\n H.R. 5269: Mr. Harrigan, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Knott, and Ms.\n Castor of Florida.\n H.R. 5282: Mr. Lynch.\n H.R. 5343: Mr. Murphy and Mr. Mullin.\n H.R. 5448: Mr. Garcia of Illinois.\n H.R. 5543: Mr. Moore of North Carolina.\n H.R. 5658: Mrs. Grijalva.\n H.R. 5688: Mrs. Kiggans of Virginia.\n H.R. 5867: Mrs. Grijalva.\n H.R. 6213: Mr. Fulcher and Ms. De La Cruz.\n H.R. 6248: Mr. Owens.\n H.R. 6280: Mr. LaHood.\n H.R. 6364: Mr. Haridopolos.\n H.R. 6466: Mr. Patronis.\n H.R. 6609: Mr. Palmer and Ms. Tenney.\n H.R. 6610: Mr. Palmer.\n H.R. 6677: Ms. Simon and Ms. Wilson of Florida.\n H.R. 6685: Ms. Malliotakis and Ms. Sanchez.\n H.R. 6736: Ms. Waters.\n H.R. 6796: Ms. Strickland.\n H.R. 6856: Mr. Baumgartner.\n H.R. 6858: Mr. Fuller.\n H.R. 6875: Mr. Bacon.\n H.R. 6895: Mr. Cline.\n H.R. 7281: Mr. Mfume.\n H.R. 7335: Ms. Chu.\n H.R. 7352: Mr. Raskin and Mr. Quigley.\n H.R. 7371: Ms. DeLauro.\n H.R. 7380: Mr. Goldman of New York.\n H.R. 7381: Ms. Norton.\n H.R. 7466: Ms. De La Cruz.\n H.R. 7545: Mr. DeSaulnier.\n H.R. 7548: Mr. Timmons.\n H.R. 7594: Ms. Davids of Kansas.\n H.R. 7618: Mr. Fitzpatrick and Mr. McCormick.\n H.R. 7733: Ms. Kelly of Illinois.\n H.R. 7736: Mr. Thanedar.\n H.R. 7794: Mr. Calvert.\n H.R. 7806: Ms. Morrison.\n H.R. 7828: Ms. Chu.\n H.R. 7845: Mrs. Kiggans of Virginia.\n H.R. 7853: Ms. Pingree, Mr. Garcia of California, Mr.\n Cohen, Mrs. Fletcher, and Ms. Matsui.\n H.R. 7902: Mrs. Miller of Illinois.\n H.R. 7938: Ms. Stansbury.\n H.R. 7957: Ms. Kamlager-Dove.\n H.R. 7960: Ms. Pingree.\n H.R. 7961: Mr. Thompson of Mississippi.\n H.R. 7969: Mr. Hamadeh of Arizona.\n H.R. 7976: Ms. Leger Fernandez, Ms. Houlahan, Mr. Bishop,\n and Ms. Norton.\n H.R. 7977: Mr. Garamendi and Ms. Sewell.\n H.R. 8019: Mr. Lawler.\n H.R. 8032: Ms. Tenney.\n H.R. 8041: Ms. Pettersen.\n H.R. 8076: Ms. Foxx and Mr. Menendez.\n H.R. 8163: Mrs. Beatty and Ms. Johnson of Texas.\n H.R. 8199: Mr. Gosar.\n H.R. 8205: Mr. Diaz-Balart, Mr. Correa, Mr. LaHood, and Mr.\n Kennedy of New York.\n H.R. 8313: Mr. Hamadeh of Arizona, Mrs. Grijalva, and Mrs.\n Hinson.\n H.R. 8326: Ms. Mejia.\n H.R. 8465: Ms. Chu and Mr. Lieu.\n H.R. 8494: Ms. McCollum.\n H.R. 8517: Mr. Lynch.\n H.R. 8540: Mr. Garcia of Illinois.\n H.R. 8541: Mr. Jackson of Illinois and Mr. Garcia of\n Illinois.\n H.R. 8564: Mr. Hurd of Colorado.\n H.R. 8582: Mr. Garcia of Illinois, Ms. Strickland, Ms.\n Balint, Mr. Garamendi, Ms. Norton, Mr. Smith of Washington,\n Mr. Jackson of Illinois, Ms. Crockett, and Mr. Carson.\n H.R. 8583: Mr. Schmidt.\n H.R. 8592: Mr. Thompson of California, Ms. Tlaib, and Mr.\n Casten.\n H.R. 8612: Mrs. Grijalva.\n H.R. 8630: Mr. Babin.\n H.R. 8666: Ms. Pettersen.\n H.R. 8680: Mr. Gosar.\n H.R. 8694: Mr. Menendez, Mr. Amo, Mr. Neguse, and Mr.\n Gottheimer.\n H.R. 8734: Mr. Huffman and Mr. Larson of Connecticut.\n H.R. 8737: Mr. Mills.\n H.R. 8740: Mr. Min.\n H.R. 8750: Mr. Tran and Mr. Bishop.\n H.R. 8753: Mr. Langworthy.\n H.R. 8756: Mrs. Miller of Illinois.\n H.R. 8774: Mr. McCaul.\n H.R. 8779: Mr. McCormick.\n H.R. 8781: Mr. Allen, Mr. Palmer, and Mrs. Miller of\n Illinois.\n H.R. 8784: Mrs. Fischbach.\n H.R. 8787: Mr. Cloud and Mr. Gosar.\n H.R. 8793: Mr. Gosar.\n H.R. 8798: Mr. Green of Texas.\n H.J. Res. 96: Mr. McGarvey.\n H.J. Res. 97: Mr. McGarvey.\n H.J. Res. 122: Mr. Mfume.\n H.J. Res. 127: Mr. Loudermilk.\n H.J. Res. 151: Mr. Fulcher.\n H.J. Res. 154: Ms. Chu.\n H. Con. Res. 83: Ms. Hoyle of Oregon and Mr. Khanna.\n H. Res. 100: Ms. Lofgren.\n H. Res. 952: Ms. Johnson of Texas.\n H. Res. 1177: Ms. Chu.\n H. Res. 1179: Mr. Lawler.\n H. Res. 1253: Ms. Chu.\n H. Res. 1255: Ms. Chu and Mr. Davis of Illinois.\n H. Res. 1261: Mr. Moore of North Carolina.\n H. Res. 1278: Mr. Torres of New York and Ms. Brown.\n H. Res. 1279: Mr. Bacon, Mr. Lawler, Ms. Norton, and Mr.\n Mannion.\n H. Res. 1280: Mr. Min."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-3", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8816", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8816\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. HORSFORD:\n H.R. 8816.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the\n United States"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-29", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.J. Res. 186", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HJRES\", \"number\": \"186\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. ISSA:\n H.J. Res. 186.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the Constitution\n\n ____________________"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-28", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8841", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8841\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. WHITESIDES:\n H.R. 8841.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8, clause 18"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-27", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8840", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8840\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. WESTERMAN:\n H.R. 8840.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article 1, Section, Clause 18"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-26", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8839", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8839\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ:\n H.R. 8839.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I Section 8"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-25", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8838", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8838\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. VINDMAN:\n H.R. 8838.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-24", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8837", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8837\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Ms. TENNEY:\n H.R. 8837.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-23", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8836", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8836\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. SELF:\n H.R. 8836.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign\n nations and among the several States, to establish a uniform\n rule of naturalization, and to make all laws necessary and\n proper for carrying into execution such powers, pursuant to\n Article I, Section 8, Clauses 3, 4, and 18 of the\n Constitution of the United States."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-22", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8835", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8835\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Ms. SCHOLTEN:\n H.R. 8835.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-21", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8834", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8834\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. SCHNEIDER:\n H.R. 8834.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-20", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8833", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8833\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. ROY:\n H.R. 8833.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Clause 18 of section 8 of article I of the Constitution."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-2", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8815", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8815\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mrs. HAYES:\n H.R. 8815.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Generally, U.S. Const. art. I, Sec. 8\n Specifically, U.S. Const. art. I, Sec. 8, cl. 1: Congress\n has power to ``lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and\n Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence\n and general Welfare of the United States'' [. . .]"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-19", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8832", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8832\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Ms. ROSS:\n H.R. 8832.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Article 1, Section 8,\n Clause 18."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-18", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8831", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8831\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. RASKIN:\n H.R. 8831.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article I, Section 4, clause 1; Article I, Section 8,\n clause 1 (spending clause); Article I, Section 8, clause 9;\n Article I, Section 8, clause 18 (necessary and proper\n clause); and Article I, Section 9, clause 8 (emoluments\n clause) of the U.S. Constitution."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-17", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8830", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8830\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Mr. QUIGLEY:\n H.R. 8830.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n This bill is enacted pursuant to the power granted to\n Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the United\n States Constitution."], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-16", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8829", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8829\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. H3532", "Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 82 (Thursday, May 14, 2026)]\n[House]\n[Page H3532]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n By Ms. PRESSLEY:\n H.R. 8829.\n Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant\n to the following:\n Article 1 Section 8 Clause 18"], ["CREC-2026-05-14-pt1-PgH3532-15", "2026-05-14", 119, 2, null, null, "Constitutional Authority Statement for H.R. 8828", "HOUSE", "HOUSE", "CASTATEMENT", "H3532", "H3532", null, "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"HR\", \"number\": \"8828\"}]", "172 Cong. Rec. 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